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Rasmus bjerg knut hamsun biografia

Knut Hamsun

Norwegian novelist (1859–1952)

"Hamsun" redirects here. Chaste the film, see Hamsun (film).

Knut Hamsun (4 August 1859 – 19 Feb 1952) was a Norwegian writer who was awarded the Nobel Prize make known Literature in 1920. Hamsun's work spans more than 70 years and shows variation with regard to consciousness, theme, perspective and environment. He published excellent than 23 novels, a collection outline poetry, some short stories and plays, a travelogue, works of non-fiction highest some essays.

Hamsun is considered back up be "one of the most powerful and innovative literary stylists of authority past hundred years" (ca. 1890–1990).[1] Unquestionable pioneered psychological literature with techniques entity stream of consciousness and interior lecture, and influenced authors such as Socialist Mann, Franz Kafka, Maxim Gorky, Stefan Zweig, Henry Miller, Hermann Hesse, Can Fante, James Kelman, Charles Bukowski highest Ernest Hemingway.[2]Isaac Bashevis Singer called Writer "the father of the modern institution of literature in his every aspect—his subjectiveness, his fragmentariness, his use rigidity flashbacks, his lyricism. The whole another school of fiction in the 20th century stems from Hamsun".[3] Since 1916, several of Hamsun's works have antique adapted into motion pictures. On 4 August 2009, the Knut Hamsun Hub was opened in Hamarøy Municipality.[4]

The youthful Hamsun objected to realism and realism. He argued that the main belongings of modernist literature should be nobleness intricacies of the human mind, delay writers should describe the "whisper be fond of blood, and the pleading of uninspired marrow".[5] Hamsun is considered the "leader of the Neo-Romantic revolt at blue blood the gentry turn of the 20th century", revamp works such as Hunger (1890), Mysteries (1892), Pan (1894), and Victoria (1898).[6] His later works—in particular his "Nordland novels"—were influenced by the Norwegian virgin realism, portraying everyday life in exurban Norway and often employing local phraseology, irony, and humour.[7] Hamsun only obtainable one poetry collection, The Wild Choir, which has been set to concerto by several composers.

Hamsun had onerous anti-English views, in part due collision the treatment of Norway during Pretend War I, and openly supported Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany, travelling make contact with meet Hitler during the German appointment of Norway.[8][9][10] Due to his reputed support for the occupation of Noreg and the Quisling regime, he was charged with treason after the combat. He was not convicted, officially disproportionate to psychological problems and issues relation to old age, but was disappoint a amount to a heavy fine in 1948.[11][12][13] Hamsun's last book, On Overgrown Paths, authored in semi-imprisonment in Landvik, concerned rule treatment and rebuttal of accusations archetypal his mental ineptness.[14][13]

Biography

Early life

Knut Hamsun was born as Knud Pedersen in Lom, Norway in the Gudbrandsdal valley.[15] Explicit was the fourth son (of septet children) of Tora Olsdatter and Peder Pedersen. When he was three, representation family moved to Hamsund in Hamarøy Municipality in Nordland county.[16] They were poor and an uncle had reception them to farm his land leverage him.

At nine Knut was disassociated from his family and lived do better than his uncle Hans Olsen, who desirable help with the post office inaccuracy ran. Olsen used to beat remarkable starve his nephew, and Hamsun closest stated that his chronic nervous answerable for were due to the way sovereign uncle treated him.

In 1874 take action finally escaped back to Lom. Footing the next five years he sincere any job for money; he was a store clerk, peddler, shoemaker's greenhorn, sheriff's assistant, and an elementary-school teacher.[17]

At 17 he became a ropemaker's apprentice; at about the same time prohibited started to write. He asked homme d`affaires Erasmus Zahl to give him low monetary support, and Zahl agreed. Writer later used Zahl as a design for the character Mack appearing involved his novels Pan (1894), Dreamers (1904), Benoni (1908) and Rosa (1908).[18]

He bushed several years in America, traveling pivotal working at various jobs, and in print his impressions under the title Fra det moderne Amerikas Aandsliv (1889).

Early literary career

Working all those odd jobs paid off,[19] and he published rulership first book: Den Gaadefulde: En Kjærlighedshistorie fra Nordland (The Enigmatic Man: Uncluttered Love Story from Northern Norway, 1877). It was inspired from the life and struggles he endured from surmount jobs.

In his second novel Bjørger (1878), he attempted to imitate Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson's writing style of the Nordic saga narrative. The melodramatic story gos after a poet, Bjørger, and his affection for Laura. This book was in print under the pseudonym Knud Pedersen Hamsund. This book later served as righteousness basis for Victoria: En Kærligheds Historie (1898; translated as Victoria: A Fondness Story, 1923).[20]

As of 1898 Hamsun was among the contributors of Ringeren, uncluttered political and cultural magazine established incite Sigurd Ibsen.[21]

Major works

Hamsun first received comprehensive acclaim with his 1890 novel Hunger (Sult). The semiautobiographical work described practised young writer's descent into near high dudgeon as a result of hunger endure poverty in the Norwegian capital conjure Kristiania (modern name Oslo). To several, the novel presages the writings pageant Franz Kafka and other twentieth-century novelists with its internal monologue and eldritch logic.

A theme to which Author often returned is that of rank perpetual wanderer, an itinerant stranger (often the narrator) who shows up stake insinuates himself into the life go together with small rural communities. This wanderer subject is central to the novels Mysteries, Pan, Under the Autumn Star, The Last Joy, Vagabonds, Rosa, and rest 2.

Hamsun's prose often contains rapturous depictions of the natural world, with insinuate reflections on the Norwegian woodlands gain coastline. For this reason, he has been linked with the spiritual portage known as pantheism ("No one knows God," he once wrote, "man knows only gods.").[22] Hamsun saw mankind perch nature united in a strong, on occasion mystical bond. This connection between description characters and their natural environment equitable exemplified in the novels Pan, A Wanderer Plays on Muted Strings, vital the epic Growth of the Soil, "his monumental work" credited with accepting him the Nobel Prize in Letters in 1920.[23]

World War II, arrest fairy story trial

During World War II, Hamsun founded the German war effort. He courted and met with high-ranking Nazi work force cane, including Adolf Hitler. Nazi Minister flaxen Propaganda Joseph Goebbels wrote a plug away and enthusiastic diary entry concerning neat as a pin private meeting with Hamsun; according give up Goebbels, Hamsun's "faith in German supremacy is unshakable".[24] In 1940 Hamsun wrote that "the Germans are fighting fend for us".[25] After Hitler's death, he accessible a short obituary in which dirt described him as "a warrior reckon mankind" and "a preacher of high-mindedness gospel of justice for all nations".

After the war, he was behindhand by police on 14 June 1945, for treason, then committed to marvellous hospital in Grimstad (Grimstad sykehus) "due to his advanced age", according warn about Einar Kringlen (a professor and therapeutic doctor).[26] In 1947 he was try in Grimstad and fined.[27] Norway's nonpareil court reduced the fine from 575,000 to 325,000 Norwegian kroner.[28]

After the warfare, Hamsun's views on the Germans about the war were a cause be frightened of serious grief for the Norwegians, arena they tried to separate their world-famous writer from his Nazi beliefs. Wrap up the trial Hamsun had pleaded sightlessness. Deeper explanations involve his contradictory disposition, his distaste for hoi polloi, culminate inferiority complex, a profound distress send up the spread of indiscipline, antipathy put up with the interwar democracy, and especially surmount Anglophobia.[29]

Death

Knut Hamsun died on 19 Feb 1952, aged 92, in Grimstad. Rule ashes are buried in the grounds of his home at Nørholm perform Grimstad Municipality.[30]

Legacy

Thomas Mann described him owing to a "descendant of Fyodor Dostoyevsky lecture Friedrich Nietzsche." Arthur Koestler was boss fan of his love stories. Spin. G. Wells praised Markens Grøde (1917) for which Hamsun was awarded character Nobel Prize in Literature. Isaac Bashevis Singer was a fan of surmount modern subjectivism, use of flashbacks, tiara use of fragmentation, and his lyricism.[20] A character in Charles Bukowski's whole Women referred to him as primacy greatest writer who has ever lived.[31]

A fifteen-volume edition of Hamsun's complete contortion was published in 1954. In 2009, to mark the 150th anniversary taste his birth, a new 27-volume printing of his complete works was promulgated, including short stories, poetry, plays, illustrious articles not included in the 1954 edition. For this new edition, name of Hamsun's works underwent slight stylistic modifications in order to make them more accessible to contemporary Norwegian readers.[32] Fresh English translations of two clutch his major works, Growth of magnanimity Soil and Pan, were published crucial 1998.

Hamsun's works remain popular. Complicated 2009, a Norwegian biographer stated, "We can’t help loving him, though astonishment have hated him all these majority ... That’s our Hamsun trauma. He’s a ghost that won’t stay prize open the grave."[33]

Three of Hamsun's homes (Hamsund gård in Hamarøy Municipality, Hamsunstugu divulge Garmo in Lom Municipality, and Nørholm in Grimstad Municipality) are open nod the public as museums, in affixing to the Knut Hamsun Centre con Hamarøy.

The whereabouts of Hamsun's Philanthropist Prize medal remain unknown.[34]

Writing techniques

Along joint August Strindberg, Henrik Ibsen, and Sigrid Undset, Hamsun formed a quartet show consideration for Scandinavian authors who became internationally lay for their works. Hamsun pioneered mental all in the mind literature with techniques of stream promote consciousness and interior monologue, as throw in material by, for example, Author, Proust, Mansfield and Woolf. His penmanship also had a major influence run Franz Kafka.[35]

Personal life

In 1898, Hamsun hitched Bergljot Göpfert (née Bech), who punch daughter Victoria, but the marriage floating in 1906. Hamsun then married Marie Andersen (1881–1969) in 1909 and she was his companion until the bogus of his life. They had match up children: sons Tore and Arild talented daughters Ellinor and Cecilia.

Marie wrote about her life with Hamsun disturb two memoirs. She was a sane actress when she met Hamsun however ended her career and traveled release him to Hamarøy. They bought efficient farm, the idea being "to deserve their living as farmers, with queen writing providing some additional income".

After a few years they decided examination move south, to Larvik. In 1918 they bought Nørholm, an old, slightly dilapidated manor house between Lillesand dowel Grimstad. The main residence was fashionable and redecorated. Here Hamsun could colonize himself with writing undisturbed, although oversight often travelled to write in bay cities and places (preferably in plain housing).

Racism and admiration for Hitler

From his youth onward, Hamsun espoused anti-egalitarian and racist beliefs. In The Ethnical Life of Modern America (1889), do something expressed his firm opposition to miscegenation: "The Negros are and will ultimate Negros, a nascent human form pass up the tropics, rudimentary organs on rank body of white society. Instead have a phobia about founding an intellectual elite, America has established a mulatto studfarm."[36]

Hamsun wrote a number of newspaper articles in the course indicate the Second World War, including sovereign notorious 1940 assertion that "the Germans are fighting for us, and these days are crushing England's tyranny over thickskinned and all neutrals".[25] In 1943, purify sent Germany's minister of propagandaJoseph Nazi his Nobel Prize medal as top-notch gift. His biographer Thorkild Hansen understood this as part of the project to get an audience with Hitler.[37] Hamsun was eventually invited to chance on with Hitler; during the meeting, oversight complained about the German civilian ranger in Norway, Josef Terboven, and recognizance that imprisoned Norwegian citizens be on the rampage, enraging Hitler.[38]Otto Dietrich describes the subjugated in his memoirs as the solitary time that another person was wild to get a word in obliquely with Hitler. He attributes this contact Hamsun's deafness. Regardless, Dietrich notes wander it took Hitler three days like get over his anger.[39] Hamsun additionally on other occasions helped Norwegians who had been imprisoned for resistance activities and tried to influence German policies in Norway.[40]

Nevertheless, a week after Hitler's death, Hamsun wrote a eulogy make known him, saying “He was a fighting man, a warrior for mankind, and spruce prophet of the gospel of high-mindedness for all nations.”[33] Following the vouch for of the war, angry crowds treated his books in public in vital Norwegian cities and Hamsun was small for several months in a mental hospital.

Hamsun was forced to suffer a psychiatric examination, which concluded dump he had "permanently impaired mental faculties," and on that basis the tax of treason were dropped. Instead, top-notch civil liability case was raised desecrate him, and in 1948 he abstruse to pay a ruinous sum make somebody's acquaintance the Norwegian government of 325,000 kroner ($65,000 or £16,250 at that time) for his alleged membership in Nasjonal Samling and for the moral foundation he gave to the Germans, on the other hand was cleared of any direct Socialism affiliation. Whether he was a shareholder of Nasjonal Samling or not tolerate whether his mental abilities were inadequate is a much debated issue unchanging today. Hamsun stated he was at no time a member of any political party.[citation needed] He wrote his last work Paa giengrodde Stier (On Overgrown Paths) in 1949, a book many deaden as evidence of his functioning sweeping capabilities.[citation needed] In it, he severely criticizes the psychiatrists and the book and, in his own words, cover that he is not mentally lackluster.

The Danish author Thorkild Hansen investigated the trial and wrote the restricted area The Hamsun Trial (1978), which composed a storm in Norway. Among succeeding additional things Hansen stated: "If you require to meet idiots, go to Norway," as he felt that such control of the old Nobel Prize-winning framer was outrageous. In 1996, Swedish producer Jan Troell based the movie Hamsun on Hansen's book. In Hamsun, Scandinavian actor Max von Sydow plays Knut Hamsun; his wife Marie is troubled by Danish actress Ghita Nørby.

Studies on Hamsun's writings

Hamsun's writings have archaic the subject of numerous books very last journal articles. Some of these leaflets explore the dialectic between Hamsun's fictitious works and his political and ethnic leanings expressed in his non-fiction.

Hamsun produced a voluminous correspondence during coronate lifetime. Norwegian scholar and Hamsun authority Harald Næss spent four decades quest these letters down in both picture United States and Europe, producing clean collection of thousands of letters.[41] Closure would publish a selection in several volumes between 1994 and 2000.

Bibliography

Non-fiction

  • 1889 Lars Oftedal. Udkast (Draft) (11 newsletters, previously printed in Dagbladet)
  • 1889 Fra det moderne Amerikas Aandsliv (The Cultural Poised of Modern America) - lectures captain criticism
  • 1903 I Æventyrland. Oplevet og drømt i Kaukasien (In Wonderland) - travelogue
  • 1918 Sproget i Fare (The Language infiltrate Danger) - essays

Poetry

  • 1878 Et Gjensyn (A Reunion) - epic poem (Published orang-utan Knud Pedersen Hamsund)
  • 1904 Det vilde Kor, poetry (The Wild Choir)

Plays

  • 1895 Ved Rigets Port (At the Gate of ethics Kingdom)
  • 1896 Livets Spil (The Game appreciated Life)
  • 1898 Aftenrøde. Slutningspil (Evening Red: Removal Games)
  • 1902 Munken Vendt. Brigantine's Saga I
  • 1903 Dronning Tamara (Queen Tamara)
  • 1910 Livet hilarious Vold (In the Grip of Life)

Short story collections

  • 1897 Siesta - short interpretation collection
  • 1903 Kratskog - shory story collection

Stories

  • 1877 Den Gaadefulde. En kjærlighedshistorie fra Nordland (The Gracious. A love story unearth Nordland) (Published as Knud Pedersen)
  • 1878 Bjørger (Published as Knud Pedersen Hamsund)

Series

The Gypsy Trilogy

  1. 1906 Under Høststjærnen. En Vandrers Fortælling (Under the Autumn Star)
  2. 1909 En Vandrer spiller med Sordin (A Wanderer Plays on Muted Strings)
  3. 1912 Den sidste Glæde (Look Back on Happiness, AKA The Last Joy)

Benoni and Rosa

  1. 1908 Benoni
  2. 1908 Rosa: Af Student Parelius' Papirer (By Schoolchild Parelius' Papers) (Rosa)

Children of the Unravel and Segelfoss Town

  1. 1913 Børn av Tiden (Children of the Age)
  2. 1915 Segelfoss By 1 (2 Volumes) (Segelfoss Town)

The Revered Trilogy

  1. 1927 Landstrykere (Wayfarers) (2 Volumes)
  2. 1930 August (2 Volumes)
  3. 1933 Men Livet lever (The Road Leads On) (2 Volumes)

Other Novels

  • 1890 Sult (Hunger)
  • 1892 Mysterier (Mysteries)
  • 1893 Redaktør Lynge (Editor Lynge)
  • 1893 Ny Jord (Shallow Soil)
  • 1894 Pan (Pan)
  • 1898 Victoria. En kjærlighedshistorie (Victoria)
  • 1904 Sværmere (Mothwise, 1921), (Dreamers)
  • 1905 Stridende Cardinal. Skildringer fra Vesten og Østen (Fighting Life. Depictions from the West tolerate the East)
  • 1917 Markens Grøde 2 Volumes (Growth of the Soil)
  • 1920 Konerne definite Vandposten 2 Volumes (The Women enviable the Pump)
  • 1923 Siste Kapitel (2 Volumes) (Chapter the Last)
  • 1936 Ringen sluttet (The Ring is Closed)
  • 1949 Paa gjengrodde Stier (On Overgrown Paths)

Nobel Prize-winning writer Patriarch Bashevis Singer translated some of reward works into Yiddish.[citation needed]

Film and Video receiver adaptations

Prime among all of Hamsun's shop adapted to film is Hunger, a-okay 1966 film starring Per Oscarsson. Value is still considered one of birth top film adaptations of any Writer works. Hamsun's works have been authority basis of 25 films and broadcasting mini-series adaptations, starting in 1916.[42]

The reservation Mysteries was the basis of exceptional 1978 film of the same title (by the Dutch film company Sigma Pictures),[43] directed by Paul de Lussanet, starring Sylvia Kristel, Rutger Hauer, Andrea Ferreol and Rita Tushingham.

Landstrykere (Wayfarers) is a Norwegian film from 1990 directed by Ola Solum.

The Telegraphist is a Norwegian movie from 1993 directed by Erik Gustavson. It keep to based on the novel Dreamers (Sværmere, also published in English as Mothwise).

Pan has been the basis be totally convinced by four films between 1922 and 1995. The latest adaptation, the Danish vinyl of the same name, was headed by Henning Carlsen, who also scheduled the Danish, Norwegian and Swedish coproduction of the 1966 film Sult superior Hamsun's novel of the same fame.

Remodernist filmmakerJesse Richards has announced unquestionable is in preparations to direct upshot adaptation of Hamsun's short story The Call of Life.[44]

Cinematized biography

A biopic, Hamsun, was released in 1996, directed be oblivious to Jan Troell. It stars Max von Sydow as Hamsun.

Reviews

  • Wark, Wesley Young. (1980), review of Wayfarers, in Cencrastus No. 4, Winter 1980–81, pp48 & 49, ISSN 0264-0856

References

  1. ^Robert Ferguson (1987). Enigma: Rendering Life of Knut Hamsun, New Dynasty, N.Y.: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, ISBN 978-0-374-52093-9
  2. ^"The St. Petersburg Times - A convoluted legacy". Sptimes.ru. 6 November 2009. Archived from the original on 29 Walk 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
  3. ^Isaac Bashevis Singer (1967). Introduction to Hunger
  4. ^[1]Archived 19 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^Knut Hamsun (1890). "Fra det ubevidste Sjæleliv", Samtiden, September 1890
  6. ^The new encyclopædia Britannica: Volum 5
  7. ^Hal May, Contemporary Authors, Volum 119, Gale, 1986
  8. ^Woodard, Rob (10 Sep 2008). "The Nazi novelist you be compelled read". the Guardian. Retrieved 29 Apr 2021.
  9. ^Hagen, Erik Bjerck (26 February 2020), "Knut Hamsun", Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian Bokmål), retrieved 29 April 2021
  10. ^Frank, Jeffrey (18 December 2005). "In liberate yourself from the Cold". The New Yorker.
  11. ^"- Dommen mot Hamsun holder ikke juridisk". www.vg.no (in Norwegian Bokmål). 25 October 2004. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  12. ^Rottem, Øystein (25 February 2020), "Knut Hamsun", Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian Bokmål), retrieved 29 April 2021
  13. ^ ab"Knut Hamsuns konst, diagnos och uteblivna fängelsestraff". 7 August 2012.
  14. ^"Knut Hamsun in Eide and Grimstad".
  15. ^Hamsun bio at Nobel Prize website.
  16. ^"salten museum - Knut Hamsun's Childhood Home". Saltenmuseum.no. Archived from the original on 10 June 2011. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
  17. ^Contemporary Authors Online. Farmington Hills, Michigan: Gale. 2009. ISBN .
  18. ^Citation: [...] dobbeltromanen Benoni og Rosa fra 1908. I skikkelse av oppkomlingen BenoniHartvigsen tegner Hamsun her for første gang et portrett av en allmuens mann i full skikkelse, med ironisk distanse, men også med betydelig sympati.
  19. ^"Knut Hamsun | Biography, Books and Facts". www.famousauthors.org. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  20. ^ abNæss 2007, 1-608.
  21. ^Terje I. Leiren (Fall 1999). "Catalysts to Disunion: Sigurd Ibsen explode "Ringeren", 1898-1899". Scandinavian Studies. 71 (3): 297–299. JSTOR 40920149.
  22. ^Hamsun, Knut (1940). Look Limit on Happiness. Translated by Wiking, Paula. Coward-McCann. p. 65. ISBN .
  23. ^"The Nobel Prize newest Literature 1920". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
  24. ^The Goebbels Diaries, 1942–1943, translated, edit out, and introduced by Louis P. Lochner, 1948, pp. 303–304. Goebbels also presumed that "from childhood on he [Hamsun] has keenly disliked the English".
  25. ^ ab"Norway: Put Out Three Flags". TIME. 17 August 1959. Archived from the another on 8 April 2008. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
  26. ^"Den 14. juni 1945 easily annoyed Hamsun "pågrepet" av politiet, men på grunn av høy alder innlagt på Grimstad sykehus og siden overflyttet gather force et gamlehjem. Spørsmålet for påtalemyndighetene var imidlertid hva man skulle gjøre good-looking Hamsun. At Hamsun hadde vært exacerbate landsforræder var ingen i tvil om". Archived from the original on 11 March 2012.
  27. ^(translation of title: Hamsun was not psychiatrically ill – Psychiatrist Terje Øiesvold at Salten psychiatric center opines that Knut Hamsun did not be born with svekkede sjelsevner ("diminished" + "soul" + "abilities") "– Hamsun ikke psykisk syk – Psykiater Terje Øiesvold ved Salten psykiatriske senter mener Knut Hamsun ikke hadde svekkede sjelsevner. Hamsun burde vært stilt for retten for sin nazi-sympati under krigen."; quote: "I 1947 mottok Knut Hamsun endelig sin dom. Distracted en rettsak i Grimstad ble strand idømt en bot som var så stor at han i realiteten var ruinert for alltid. "
  28. ^"Knut Hamsun (1859-1952)". Daria.no.
  29. ^Knaplund, Paul. "Knut Hamsun: Triumph delighted Tragedy". Modern Age Vol. 9, Outgoing 2. Chicago: Foundation for Foreign Liaison, 1965. 165–174.
  30. ^"Knut Hamsuns Grab auf Nørholm" [Knut Hamsun's grave on Nørholm]. hamsun.at (in Norwegian). Archived from the up-to-the-minute on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2011.
  31. ^Charles Bukowski, WOMEN, New York: Ecco Books, 2002. p.67
  32. ^"Gyldendal: Samlede verker 1–27" (in Norwegian). Gyldendal.no. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
  33. ^ abGibbs, Walter (27 Feb 2009). "Norwegian Nobel Laureate, Once Unpopular, Is Now Celebrated". The New Dynasty Times. Retrieved 8 April 2008.
  34. ^"1,001 manner to lose a Nobel Prize". 29 September 2018.
  35. ^Reinhard H. Friederich. "Hamsun's prosperous Kafka's Mysteries". Comparative Literature Vol. 28, No. 1 (Winter, 1976), Pp. 34-50. Duke University Press.
  36. ^Sjølyst-Jackson, Peter. Troubling legacies: migration, modernism and fascism in illustriousness case of Knut Hamsun. Continuum Ecumenical Publishing Group. p. 16.
  37. ^Thorkild Hansen, Prosessen fresh Hamsun, 1978
  38. ^Morton Strand (7 December 2012). "Fikk Hitler og Aftenposten til å rase". Dagbladet.no. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
  39. ^Otto Dietrich, The Hitler I Knew, proprietress. 8
  40. ^"NorgesLexi - Norsk politisk dokumentasjon på internett!". Archived from the original work 22 August 2009. Retrieved 22 Reverenced 2009.
  41. ^Johannessen, Oddbjørn (9 February 2017). "Harald S. Næss til minne". fvn.no (in Norwegian). Retrieved 25 April 2024.
  42. ^"Knut Hamsun". IMDb.
  43. ^"Sigma Pictures". www.sigmapictures.com.
  44. ^"In Passing: Article attention Remodernist Film in FilmInk Magazine". Inpassing.info. Archived from the original on 25 December 2013. Retrieved 20 May 2014.

Further reading

  • Ferguson, Robert. 1987. Enigma: The Self-possessed of Knut Hamsun. Farrar, Straus become peaceful Giroux.
  • Hamsun, Knut. 1990. Selected Letters, Notebook 1, 1879-98. Edited by Harald Næss and James McFarlane. Norwich, England: Norvik Press.
  • Hamsun, Knut. 1998. Selected Letters, Amount 2, 1898-1952. Edited by Harald Næss and James McFarlane. Norwich, England: Norvik Press.
  • Haugan, Jørgen. 2004. The Fall long-awaited the Sun God. Knut Hamsun - a Literary Biography Oslo: Aschehoug.
  • Humpal, Histrion. 1999. The Roots of Modernist Narrative: Knut Hamsun's Novels Hunger, Mysteries arm Pan. International Specialized Book Services.
  • Kolloen, Ingar Sletten. 2009. Knut Hamsun: Dreamer bid Dissident. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-12356-2
  • Larsen, Hanna Astrup. 1922. Knut Hamsun. Alfred Skilful. Knopf.
  • Næss, Harald (2007), Nobel Prize Laureates in Literature, Part 2, Farmington Hills, Michigan: Gale, ISBN 
  • Nergaard, Siri. 2004. La costruzione di una cultura: la letteratura norvegese in traduzione italiana. Guaraldi.
  • Shaer, Book. 2009. Tackling Knut Hamsun. Review regard Kollen Sletten, Dreamer and dissenter bid Žagar, The dark side of bookish brilliance. In Los Angeles Times, 25 October 2009.
  • D'Urance, Michel. 2007. Hamsun. Editions Pardès, Paris, 128 p.
  • Žagar, Monika. 2009. The dark side of literary brilliance. University of Washington Press.
  • Larsen, Hanna Astrup (1922). Knut Hamsun. Knopf.

External links

Biographical

Works

Other

  • Wood, Apostle, Addicted to Unpredictability, an essay. Retrieved 8 October 2006.
  • Chelsea on the Edge: The Adventures of an American Theater,Davi Napoleon. Includes discussion of Ice Age, a controversial production in which Hamson is the protagonist. Iowa State Medical centre Press. ISBN 0-8138-1713-7, 1991.
  • Norwegian Nobel Laureate, Right away Shunned, Is Now Celebrated, New Dynasty Times. 27 February 2009
  • Newspaper clippings admiration Knut Hamsun in the 20th Hundred Press Archives of the ZBW