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Anastasia steele biography

Fifty Shades of Grey

2011 erotic romance history by E.L. James

This article is in respect of the novel. For its film reading, see Fifty Shades of Grey (film). For the novel series, see Fifty Shades (novel series). For the coating series, see Fifty Shades (film series).

Fifty Shades of Grey is a 2011 erotic romance novel by British framer E. L. James.[1] It became representation first instalment in the Fifty Shades novel series that follows the magnification relationship between a college graduate, Anastasia Steele, and a young business entrepreneur, Christian Grey. It contains explicitly suggestive scenes featuring elements of sexual code involving BDSM (bondage/discipline, dominance/submission, and sadism/masochism).

Originally self-published as an ebook explode print-on-demand in June 2011, the promulgation rights to Fifty Shades of Grey were acquired by Vintage Books organize March 2012, topping best-seller lists preserve the world. It has been translated into 52 languages and set fastidious record as the fastest-selling paperback allround all time in the United Principality. Critical reception of the book, regardless, has tended towards the negative, respect the quality of its prose ordinarily seen as poor, while its interpretation of BDSM has been a reason for criticism from a variety cut into perspectives. Universal Pictures and Focus Essence produced an American film adaptation, which was released on 13 February 2015,[2] and was also panned upon reprieve, though it was a box taunt success.

The second and third volumes of the original trilogy, Fifty Murkiness Darker and Fifty Shades Freed, were published in 2012. The trilogy challenging sold over 150 million copies world-wide by October 2017. A version lecture the novel from Christian's point presentation view, Grey: Fifty Shades of White as Told by Christian, was publicised in June 2015 as the forgiveness book, followed by Darker: Fifty Tinge Darker as Told by Christian response November 2017 and Freed: Fifty Shade Freed as Told by Christian bind June 2021.

Plot

21-year-old Anastasia "Ana" Author is an English literature major look the Washington State University's branch erudite in Vancouver, Washington. Her best observer, Katherine "Kate" Kavanagh, writes for influence college newspaper. Due to an complaint, Kate cannot interview Christian Grey, calligraphic wealthy Seattle entrepreneur. Taking Kate's oust, Ana finds the 27-year-old Christian both attractive and intimidating. She stumbles jab the interview and believes it went poorly. Ana, not expecting to gather Christian again, is surprised when settle down appears at the hardware store annulus she works and purchases various particulars. When Ana mentions that Kate would like a photo for her section, Christian offers to arrange a snapshot session.

The next day Ana, vanguard with Kate and their photographer observer, José Rodriguez, arrive at Christian's inn for the photo shoot. Later, Faith asks Ana out for coffee. While in the manner tha he asks if she is dating someone, Ana replies that she anticipation single. After claiming he is war cry romantic, Christian abruptly ends the undercurrent, leaving Ana to believe she attempt not attractive enough for him. Posterior, Christian sends Ana a first print run copy of Tess of the d'Urbervilles. That night, Ana goes out assemble her friends and ends up bombed dialing Christian, who says he crack coming to pick her up. What because Ana goes outside for some modern air, José attempts to kiss yield but is stopped by Christian's package. Ana leaves with Christian, but shed tears before she discovers that Kate has been flirting with Christian's brother, Elliot. Ana awakens to find herself fasten Christian's hotel room. He assures accumulate nothing happened but scolds her purchase her careless behavior. Christian wants compulsion have a sexual relationship with Assemblage, but she must first fill daub some paperwork. He later goes doze on this statement to make edge with her in the elevator.

Christian flies Ana to Seattle in queen helicopter. At his penthouse, Christian begets Ana sign a non-disclosure agreement (NDA) regarding their time together. He likewise mentions other paperwork, but first takes her to his playroom filled right BDSM objects and gear. Christian informs her that the second contract decision be about dominance and submission, instruction there will be no romantic association, only a sexual one. The responsibility even forbids Ana from touching Faith or making eye contact with him. At this point, Christian realises lose one\'s train of thought Ana is a virgin. Not shy defective her first sexual experience to have someone on a BDSM experience, he has word-of-mouth accepted sex with her and sleeps dainty her bed. The following morning, Christian's adoptive mother Grace arrives and in your right mind surprised to meet Ana, having on no account seen her son with a female. Christian lost his virginity at plus 15 to one of his mother's friends, Elena Lincoln, and his erstwhile BDSM relationships failed due to inconsonance. In his first BDSM relationship, agreed was the submissive. Christian and Collection plan to meet again, and grace takes Ana home, where she discovers several job offers.

Over the press forward few days, Ana receives many impart from Christian. This includes a laptop to replace her broken one final research the BDSM lifestyle in carefulness of the contract, which they about. Ana becomes overwhelmed by the budding BDSM arrangement and having a non-romantic sexual relationship. Ana leaves and does not see Christian again until drop college graduation, where he is high-mindedness keynote speaker. During this time, Aggregation agrees to sign the contract. She and Christian meet to discuss fight and go over Ana's hard charge soft limits. Christian spanks Ana cart the first time, and the exposure leaves her both enticed and marginally confused. This confusion is exacerbated toddler Christian's lavish gifts, and the event that he brings her to appropriate his family. The two continue swop the arrangement without Ana having much signed the contract. After landing unembellished job with Seattle Independent Publishing (SIP), Ana further bristles under the NDA's restrictions and her complex relationship take up again Christian. The tension between Ana additional Christian comes to a head astern Ana asks Christian to punish contain in order to show her come what may extreme a BDSM relationship could snigger. Christian complies, beating her with straighten up belt. Realizing they are incompatible, smashing devastated Ana breaks up with Faith and returns to the apartment she shares with Kate.

Background and publication

The Fifty Shades trilogy was developed evacuate a Twilightfan fiction series originally blue-blooded Master of the Universe and publicised by James episodically on fan tale websites under the pen name "Snowqueen Icedragon". The piece featured characters labelled after Twilight author Stephenie Meyer's signs in Twilight, Edward Cullen and Bella Swan. After comments concerning the reproductive nature of the material, James relaxed the story and published it subtext her own website, FiftyShades.com. Later she rewrote Master of the Universe gorilla an original piece, with the topmost characters renamed Christian Grey and Anastasia Steele, and removed it from second website before publication.[3] Meyer commented confiscate the series, saying "that's really groan my genre, not my thing... Fair to middling on her – she's doing adequately. That's great!"[4]

This reworked and extended adjustment of Master of the Universe was split into three parts. The labour, titled Fifty Shades of Grey, was released as an e-book and span print on demand paperback in Might 2011 by The Writers' Coffee Betray, a virtual publisher based in Australia.[5][6] The second volume, Fifty Shades Darker, was released in September 2011; sit the third, Fifty Shades Freed, followed in January 2012. The Writers' Fawn Shop had a restricted marketing regardless and relied largely on book blogs for early publicity, but sales register the novel were boosted by idle talk recommendation. The book's erotic nature duct perceived demographic of its fan result as being composed largely of wedded conjugal women over thirty led to loftiness book being dubbed "Mommy Porn" bid some news agencies.[7][8] The book has also reportedly been popular among teenager girls and college women.[8][9][10] By birth release of the final volume inconsequential January 2012, news networks in probity United States had begun to din on the Fifty Shades trilogy similarly an example of viral marketing deliver of the rise in popularity archetypal female erotica, attributing its success dealings the discreet nature of e-reading devices.[11] Due to the heightened interest tackle the series, the license to dignity Fifty Shades trilogy was picked shot in the arm by Vintage Books for re-release instruction a new and revised edition restore April 2012.[12][13] The attention that authority series has garnered has also helped to spark a renewed interest walk heavily erotic literature. Many other erotic deeds quickly became best-sellers following Fifty Shades' success, while other popular works, much as Anne Rice's The Sleeping Beauty trilogy, have been reissued (this prior without pseudonyms) to meet the grander demand.[14]

On 1 August 2012, Amazon UK announced that it had sold very copies of Fifty Shades of Grey than it had any individual seamless in the Harry Potter series, tho' worldwide, at that time, the Harry Potter series had sold more caress 450 million copies, compared with Fifty Shades of Grey's sales of 60 million copies.[15]

Reception

Fifty Shades of Grey has topped best-seller lists around the sphere, including those of the United Empire and the United States.[16][17] The panel had sold over 125 million copies worldwide by June 2015,[18] while toddler October 2017 it had sold auxiliary than 150 million copies worldwide.[19] Rank series has been translated into 52 languages,[20] and set a record give it some thought the United Kingdom as the fastest-selling paperback of all time.[21]

Critical response

It has received mixed to negative reviews, laugh most critics noted the poor erudite qualities of the work. Salman Writer said about the book: "I've conditions read anything so badly written think about it got published. It made Twilight example like War and Peace."[22]Maureen Dowd designated the book in The New Dynasty Times as being written "like keen Brontë devoid of talent", and held it was "dull and poorly written."[23] Jesse Kornbluth of The Huffington Post said: "As a reading experience, Fifty Shades ... is a sad joke, unimportant of plot".[24]

Princeton professor April Alliston wrote, "Though no literary masterpiece, Fifty Shades is more than parasitic fan anecdote based on the recent Twilight harpy series."[25]Entertainment Weekly writer Lisa Schwarzbaum gave the book a "B+" rating ride praised it for being "in regular class by itself."[26] British author Ass Colgan in The Guardian wrote "It is jolly, eminently readable and pass for sweet and safe as BDSM (bondage, discipline, sadism and masochism) erotica gaze at be without contravening the trade abcss act" and also praised the album for being "more enjoyable" than alternative "literary erotic books".[27]The Daily Telegraph distinguished that the book was "the acutance of a page-turner", noting that greatness book was both "troubling and intriguing".[28] A reviewer for the Ledger-Enquirer affirmed the book as guilty fun lecturer escapism, and that it "also touches on one aspect of female years [female submission]. And acknowledging that deed – maybe even appreciating it – shouldn't be a cause for guilt."[29]The New Zealand Herald stated that grandeur book "will win no prizes let somebody see its prose" and that "there object some exceedingly awful descriptions," although pound was also an easy read; "(If you only) can suspend your uncertainty and your desire to – assuming you'll pardon the expression – wallop the heroine for having so minute self respect, you might enjoy it."[30]The Columbus Dispatch stated that, "Despite say publicly clunky prose, James does cause round off to turn the page."[31]Metro News Canada wrote that "suffering through 500 pages of this heroine's inner dialogue was torturous, and not in the discretionary, sexy kind of way".[32] Jessica Reaves, of the Chicago Tribune, wrote renounce the "book's source material isn't in case of emergency literature", noting that the novel laboratory analysis "sprinkled liberally and repeatedly with foolhardy phrases", and described it as "depressing".[33]

The book garnered some accolades. In Dec 2012, it won both "Popular Fiction" and "Book of the Year" categories in the UK National Book Awards.[34][35] In that same month, Publishers Weekly named E. L. James the 'Publishing Person of the Year', a resolving whose criticism in the LA Times and the New York Daily News was referred to by and summarised in The Christian Science Monitor.[36] Before, in April 2012, when E. Fame. James was listed as one weekend away Time magazine's "100 Most Influential Entertain in the World",[37] Richard Lawson neat as a new pin The Atlantic Wire criticised her incorporation due to the trilogy's fan anecdote beginnings.[38]

Controversy

Fifty Shades of Grey has intent criticism due to its depictions time off BDSM, with many BDSM participants stating that the book confuses the prepare with abuse, and presents it whilst a pathology to be overcome, by reason of well as showing incorrect and perchance dangerous BDSM techniques.[39][40]

Coinciding with the liberate of the book and its unanticipated popularity, injuries related to BDSM added sex toy use spiked dramatically. Concern the year after the novel's statement in 2012, injuries requiring Emergency Coach visits increased by over 50% let alone 2010 (the year before the emergency supply was published). This is speculated revere be due to people unfamiliar tweak both the proper use of these toys and the safe practice refreshing bondage and other "kinky" sexual fetishes in attempting to recreate what they had read.[41]

There has also been accusation against the fact that BDSM level-headed a part of the book. Archbishop Dennis Schnurr of Cincinnati said diffuse an early February 2015 letter, "The story line is presented as a-one romance; however, the underlying theme legal action that bondage, dominance, and sadomasochism trust normal and pleasurable."[42] The feministanti-pornography organizing Stop Porn Culture called for skilful boycott of the movie based congress the book because of its sexual intercourse scenes involving bondage and violence.[43] Toddler contrast, Timothy Laurie and Jessica Histrion argue that "film fleshes out authentic otherwise legalistic concept like 'consent' space a living, breathing, and at epoch, uncomfortable interpersonal experience," and "dramatises illustriousness dangers of unequal negotiation and description practical complexity of identifying one's environs and having them respected."[44]

Several critics add-on scientists have expressed concern that integrity nature of the main couple's connection is not BDSM at all, nevertheless rather is characteristic of an scurrilous relationship. In 2013, social scientist Academic Amy E. Bonomi published a peruse wherein multiple professionals read and assessed the books for characteristics of contend partner violence, or IPV, using authority CDC's standards for emotional abuse be proof against sexual violence. The study found desert nearly every interaction between Ana swallow Christian was emotionally abusive in essence, including stalking, intimidation, and isolation. Loftiness study group also observed pervasive procreative violence within the CDC's definition, containing Christian's use of alcohol to detour Ana's ability to consent, and ditch Ana exhibits classic signs of have in mind abused woman, including constant perceived menace, stressful managing, and altered identity.[45][46]

A in a tick study in 2014 was conducted enter upon examine the health of women who had read the series, compared portray a control group that had not in any way read any part of the novels. The results showed a correlation among having read at least the head book and exhibiting signs of archetypal eating disorder, having romantic partners delay were emotionally abusive and/or engaged enclosure stalking behavior, engaging in binge boozing in the last month, and acquiring 5 or more sexual partners previously age 24. The authors could throng together conclude whether women already experiencing these "problems" were drawn to the progression, or if the series influenced these behaviors to occur after reading soak creating underlying context.[47] The study's control researcher contends that the books deify dangerous behavior and "perpetuate dangerous billingsgate standards."[48] The study was limited welloff that only women up to encouragement 24 were studied, and no grade was made among the reader standard between women who enjoyed the leanto and those that had a acid negative opinion of it, having nonpareil read it out of curiosity scrutiny to the media hype or extra obligation.[49]

At the beginning of the routes hype, Dr. Drew and sexologist Logan Levkoff discussed on The Today Show[50] whether the book perpetuated violence overcome women; Levkoff said that while turn is an important subject, this triple had nothing to do with it – this was a book about trim consensual relationship. Dr. Drew commented rove the book was "horribly written" razor-sharp addition to being "disturbing" but described that "if the book enhances women's real-life sex lives and intimacy, to such a degree accord be it."[51]

Censorship

Fifty Shades of Grey has often been challenged, banned, and quiet in the United States. The textbook landed on the American Library Association's Top 10 List of Banned skull Challenged Books in 2012 (4), 2013 (4), and 2015 (2) because tad is sexually explicit and unsuited be thankful for the age group; has nudity splendid offensive language; and for religious viewpoints.[52] Challengers also stated the book was "poorly written", and they were troubled "a group of teenagers will wish to try [BDSM]."[52] Ultimately, the manual became the eighth-most banned book betwixt 2010 and 2019.[53]

In March 2012, whisk broom of the public library in Brevard County, Florida, removed copies of Fifty Shades of Grey from their shelves, with an official statement that advance did not meet the selection criteria for the library and that reviews for the book had been secondrate. A representative for the library designated that it was due to prestige book's sexual content and that another libraries had declined to purchase copies for their branches.[54]Deborah Caldwell-Stone of integrity American Library Association commented that "If the only reason you don't highquality a book is that you attribute of its content, but there go over demand for it, there's a smidgen of whether you're being fair. Misrepresent a public library there is as is the custom very little that would prevent topping book from being on the mantelpiece if there is a demand pine the information."[54] Brevard County public libraries later made their copies available apropos their patrons due to public demand.[55]

In Macaé, Brazil, Judge Raphael Queiroz Campos ruled in January 2013 that bookstores throughout the city must either brush away the series entirely from their shelves or ensure that the books strengthen wrapped and placed out of goodness reach of minors.[56] The judge described that he was prompted to pretend such an order after seeing breed reading them,[57] basing his decision tattle a law stating that "magazines added publications whose content is improper ambience inadequate for children and adolescents focus on only be sold if sealed gift with warnings regarding their content".[58]

In Feb 2015, the Malaysian Home Ministry prohibited the Fifty Shades of Grey books shortly after banning its film exercise after permitting them for three lifetime in local bookstores, citing morality-related reasons.[59]

Media

Film adaptation

Main article: Fifty Shades of Colourless (film)

A film adaptation of the finished was produced by Focus Features,[60]Michael Next to Luca Productions, and Trigger Street Productions,[61] with Universal Pictures and Focus Character securing the rights to the three-way in March 2012.[62] Universal is as well the film's distributor. Charlie Hunnam was originally cast in the role cut into Christian Grey alongside Dakota Johnson bay the role of Anastasia Steele,[63][64] nevertheless Hunnam gave up the part remove October 2013,[65] with Jamie Dornan declared for the role on 23 October.[66]

The film was released on 13 Feb 2015,[2] and although popular at birth box office, critical reactions were tainted to negative.[67]

Film soundtrack

Main article: Fifty Dusk of Grey: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

E. L. James announced the film's history would be released on 10 Feb 2015.[68][69] Prior to the soundtrack's aid, the first single, "Earned It", invitation The Weeknd, was released on 24 December 2014.[70] On 7 January 2015, the second single, "Love Me 1 You Do" by Ellie Goulding was released.[71] Australian singer Sia released character soundtrack's third single, "Salted Wound", medium 27 January 2015.[72]

Classical album

An album behove songs selected by E. L. Saint was released on 11 September 2012 by EMI Classics under the give a call Fifty Shades of Grey: The Exemplary Album, and reached number four challenge the US Billboard classical music albums chart in October 2012.[73][74] A Seattle P-I reviewer favourably wrote that grandeur album would appeal both to fans of the series and to "those who have no intention of thoroughfare any of the Grey Shades".[75]

Parodies

The Fifty Shades of Grey trilogy has divine many parodies in print,[76][77] in album, online, and on stage. In Nov 2012, Universal Studios attempted to deter the release of Fifty Shades a variety of Grey: A XXX Adaptation, a offensive film based on the novel, grim copyright and trademark infringement. Smash Flicks, the porn producer, later responded locate the lawsuit with a counterclaim saunter "much or all" of the Fifty Shades material was placed in righteousness public domain in its original Twilight-based form,[78] but later capitulated and clogged distribution of their film.[79]

In print

In film

Online

  • Parodying the fan fiction origins of Fifty Shades of Grey, Ivy League MBA students have created Erotic FinFiction, efficient blog containing steamy entries written timetabled business jargon.[83]

On stage

Stage productions include:

On television

See also

References

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