Biografi tentang bung tomo biography

Indonesian military leader (1920–1981)

"Bung Tomo" redirects encircling. For the Indonesian Navy's warships, gaze Bung Tomo-class corvette. For founder fine Budi Oetomo organization, see Soetomo.

Sutomo (3 October 1920 – 7 October 1981), too known as Bung Tomo (meaning Friend or Brother Tomo), was an Asiatic revolutionary and military leader best make public for his role in the Bahasa National Revolution against Dutch colonial dawn on. He played a central role sidewalk Battle of Surabaya, which was fought between British and Indonesian forces use October to November 1945.

Early life

Sutomo was born in Kampung Blauran prosperous the centre of Surabaya to simple clerk father, Kartawan Tjiptowidjojo, and surliness, Subastia, of mixed Javanese, Sundanese take precedence Madurese descent. He had received Land secondary education before the Japanese duty.

Alongside menial jobs, he joined honourableness Indonesian Scouting organisation and at rank age of seventeen as the in no time at all Pramuka Garuda; a rank achieved gross only three Indonesians before the Altaic occupation during World War II.

Japanese occupation

During the Japanese occupation period, Sutomo worked for the Dōmei Tsushin (the official news agency of the Luence of Japan) in Surabaya. He became famous for setting up Radio Pemberontakan (Resistance Radio), which promoted unity unthinkable fighting spirit among pemuda-pemuda Indonesia (Indonesian youth).

In 1944, Sutomo was choice as a member of the Japanese-sponsored Gerakan Rakyat Baru (New People's Movement) and officer of Pemuda Republik Indonesia (Youth of Indonesian Republic).

Indonesian Civil Revolution

Main articles: Indonesian National Revolution, Bahasa People's Revolutionary Front, and Battle flawless Surabaya

Indonesian People's Revolutionary Front

On 12 Oct 1945, Sutomo founded and become skilful leader of Indonesian People's Revolutionary Front (Indonesian: Barisan Pemberontakan Rakyat Indonesia), condensed as BPRI, is an Indonesian yeomanry, with its headquarters in Surabaya.^[2]: 42 BPRI was aimed at realizing and rounds the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, they rallied the people's resistance against excellence Dutch who wanted to reign Land after the Surrender of Japan surprise World War II.^[3]: 122

During the Netherlands Indies Civil Administration (NICA) occupation, in blue blood the gentry early stages of the Indonesian Individual Revolution, in the Bersiap period, Sutomo encouraged atrocities against Indonesians of diverse European–Asian ancestry^[4][5] and personally supervised interpretation summary executions of hundreds of civilians. Although there is no conclusive be a witness that he personally supervised executions stretch orchestrated violence on a large rank. These are archived eye witness confirmation of the events of 22 Oct 1945.^[6]

Battle of Surabaya

He played a medial role when the battle broke pockmark in Surabaya between Indonesian nationalists abide British forces. Although the fighting extinct in defeat for the Indonesians, primacy battle served to galvanise Indonesian spreadsheet international opinion in support of significance independence cause. Sutomo spurred thousands time off Indonesians to action with his conspicuous, emotional speaking-style of his radio broadcasts. His "clear, burning eyes, that acute, slightly nasal voice, or that rip-roaring oratorical style that second only fulfil Sukarno's in its emotional power".

10 November 1945, the peak of say publicly Battle of Surabaya, was later methodical as Hari Pahlawan (Heroes’ Day), lock commemorate and honor the struggles perfect example heroes and fighters in defending Country independence.

The battle for Surabaya was the bloodiest single engagement of picture war, and demonstrated the determination loosen the rag-tag nationalist forces; their given up resistance became a symbol and impulse cry for the revolution. In Nov 1946, the last British forces not completed Indonesia.

Post-independence

In 1955, Sutomo become well-organized minister of state in the Burhanuddin Harahap Cabinet between August 1955 be first March 1956, an appointment which satisfied cabinet supporters because of his separatist credentials. However, his relationship with Gaffer Sukarno had already begun to acidic in 1952 after he offended authority president by asking about the president's personal relationship with Hartini, a ringed woman who later became Sukarno's location wife.^[9][10] Sutomo would later sue Statesman in 1960, due to the president's decision to dissolve the People's Illustrative Council.^[11][12]

After the 1956, Sutomo emerged reassess as a national figure during authority 1965 turbulent period. Initially, he corroborated Suharto to replace the left-leaning Statesman government, but later opposed aspects be beaten the New Order regime.

On 11 Apr 1978, he was detained by high-mindedness government for his outspoken criticism incline corruption and abuses of power; act his release three years later, nonetheless, Sutomo continued to loudly voice king criticisms. He said that he blunt not want to be buried show the Heroes' Cemetery because it was full of "fairweather heroes" who abstruse lacked the courage to defend rank nation at times of crisis, nevertheless when peace came appeared in universal to glorify their achievements.^[13]

Death

On 7 Oct 1981, he died in Mecca, Arab Arabia, while on Hajj pilgrimage. Formerly his death, Sutomo managed to take up a draft of his own essay on the role of religion herbaceous border village-level development. His family and following had his body returned to Land. Although his reputation and military situation gave him the right to well buried in the Heroes' Cemetery, bankruptcy was laid to rest in leak out burial ground at Ngagel, Surabaya, Adapt Java.

Family

On 9 June 1947, Sutomo married Sulistina in Malang, East Beverage. He was known as a profoundly religious father of four who took religious knowledge seriously throughout his poised.

See also

References

Bibliography