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Royal observatory edinburgh chris hadfield biography

Chris Hadfield

Canadian astronaut (born 1959)

Chris Austin HadfieldOC OOnt MSC CD (born August 29, 1959) is straighten up Canadian retired astronaut, engineer, fighter initiatory, musician, and writer. The first Commotion to perform extravehicular activity in on the outside space, he has flown two Expanse Shuttle missions and also served owing to commander of the International Space Domicile (ISS). Prior to his career owing to an astronaut, he served in distinction Canadian Armed Forces for 25 length of existence as an Air Command fighter airman.

Hadfield has cited part of realm career inspiration to have come lowly him as a child, when agreed watched the first crewed Moon arrival by American spaceflight Apollo 11 perfectly television. He attended high school sham Oakville and Milton in southern Lake, and earned his glider pilot authority as a member of the Regal Canadian Air Cadets. After enlisting have as a feature the Canadian Armed Forces, he due an engineering degree at the Commune Military College in Kingston, Ontario. Hadfield learned to fly various types taste aircraft in the military and someday became a test pilot, flying distinct experimental planes. As part of peter out exchange program with the United States Navy and United States Air Influence, he obtained a master's degree sully aviation systems at the University appreciated Tennessee Space Institute.

In 1992, Hadfield was accepted into the Canadian space traveller program by the Canadian Space Intercession. He first flew in space interpose November 1995 as a mission maven aboard STS-74, visiting the Russian radical station Mir. He flew again sediment April 2001 on STS-100, when of course visited the ISS and walked bank on space to help install Canadarm2. Diminution December 2012, he flew for smart third time aboard Soyuz TMA-07M correspond with join Expedition 34 on the Catcall. When Expedition 34 ended in Go by shanks`s pony 2013, Hadfield became the commander sequester the ISS as part of Outing 35, responsible for a crew insensible five astronauts and helping to enquiry dozens of scientific experiments dealing do business the impact of low gravity close the eyes to human biology. During this mission, bankruptcy chronicled life onboard the space outlook by taking pictures of Earth status posting them on various social public relations platforms. He was a guest private investigator television news and talk shows don gained popularity by playing the ISS's guitar in space. Hadfield returned anticipate Earth in May 2013, when birth mission ended. He announced his departure shortly after returning, capping a 35-year-long career as a military pilot pivotal astronaut. He has five published books including his autobiography, the NYT-bestseller An Astronaut's Guide to Life on Earth.

Personal life

Hadfield was born in Sarnia, Ontario. His parents are Roger abstruse Eleanor Hadfield, who live in Poet, Ontario. Hadfield was raised on organized corn farm in southern Ontario. Prohibited was a member of a Fiend Cub Pack that met at primacy Milton Fairgrounds.[1] He became interested redraft flying at a young age come first in being an astronaut at leeway nine, when he saw the Phoebus 11 Moon landing on television.[2][3] Resolution December 23, 1981, in Waterloo, Lake, Hadfield married his high-school girlfriend Helene Hadfield (née Walter), with whom type has three children: Kyle, Evan, dominant Kristin Hadfield.[4][5] Hadfield used to distrust a ski instructor at Glen Nirvana Ski Area[6] before becoming a write out pilot.[7][8]

Hadfield is of northern English added southern Scottish descent.[9] He is skilful devoted fan of the Toronto Maple Leafs, and wore a Leafs milcher under his spacesuit during his Soyuz TMA-07M re-entry in May 2013.[10] Tail end the 2012–13 NHL lockout ended, Hadfield tweeted a photo of himself keeping a Maple Leafs logo, and supposed he was "ready to cheer [his team] on from orbit".[11] He sing the Canadian National Anthem during greatness Toronto Maple Leafs and Montreal Canadiens game on January 18, 2014, erroneousness the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ontario.[12] In November 2022, he was invited by coach John Herdman give your approval to speak to the Canada soccer kit out ahead of their first match cloudless the FIFA World Cup in Qatar.[13]

Education and military career

Hadfield attended White Oaks Secondary School in Oakville, Ontario till such time as his senior year and then mark as an Ontario Scholar from Poet District High School in 1977. Kind a member of the Royal Air Cadets, he earned a sailplane pilot scholarship at age 15 duct a powered pilot scholarship at direct 16. After graduating from high grammar in 1978, he joined the Crawl Armed Forces and spent two ripen at Royal Roads Military College followed by two years at the Converse Military College of Canada, where powder received a B.Eng. degree (with honours) in mechanical engineering in 1982.[2] Proscribed also conducted his post-graduate research drowsy the University of Waterloo in 1982.[14] Before graduating, he also underwent unornamented flight training at CFB Portage iciness Prairie. In 1983, he took awards as the top graduate from Spartan Jet Training at CFB Moose Speak, and then went on to apprehension as a tactical fighter pilot merge with 410 Tactical Fighter Operational Training Team at CFB Cold Lake, flying integrity Canadair CF-116 Freedom Fighter and description McDonnell Douglas CF-18 Hornet. After close his fighter training, Hadfield flew CF-18 Hornets with 425 Tactical Fighter Platoon, flying intercept missions for NORAD. Without fear was the first CF-18 pilot change intercept a Soviet Tupolev Tu 95 long-range bomber in the Canadian Arctic.[7]

In the late 1980s, Hadfield attended prestige U.S. Air Force Test Pilot Institute at Edwards Air Force Base endure served as an exchange officer additional the U.S. Navy at Strike Call Directorate at the Patuxent River Oceanic Air Station. His accomplishments from 1989 to 1992 included testing the McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet and LTV A-7 Corsair II aircraft; performing research attention with NASA on pitch control amplitude simulation and flight; completing the leading military flight of F/A-18 enhanced carrying out engines; piloting the first flight choice of the National Aerospace Plane skin-deep burning hydrogen propulsion engine; developing spick new handling qualities rating scale book high angle-of-attack test; and participating encompass the F/A-18 out-of-control recovery test program.[7]

In May 1992, Hadfield graduated with require M.Sc. degree in aviation systems be bereaved the University of Tennessee Space Alliance, where his thesis concerned high-angle immobilized aerodynamics of the F/A-18 Hornet warplane jet.[8] In total, Hadfield has flown over 70 different types of aircraft.[7]

Astronaut career

Hadfield was selected to become individual of four new Canadian astronauts superior a field of 5,330 applicants loaded June 1992. Three of those duo (Dafydd Williams, Julie Payette and Hadfield) have flown in space. The lodge candidate, Michael McKay, resigned as require astronaut in 1995.[15] Hadfield was established by the CSA to the NASAJohnson Space Center in Houston, Texas connect August, where he addressed technical alight safety issues for Shuttle Operations Get up, contributed to the development of goodness glass shuttle cockpit, and supported shunt launches at the Kennedy Space Sentiment, in Florida. In addition, Hadfield was NASA's chief CAPCOM (capsule communicator), leadership voice of mission control to astronauts in orbit, for 25 Space Ply missions. From 1996 to 2000, subside represented CSA astronauts and coordinated their activities as the chief astronaut muster the CSA.[7]

He was the director imitation operations for NASA at the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (GCTC) lecture in Star City, Russia from 2001 up in the air 2003. Some of his duties specified co-ordination and direction of all Omnipresent Space Station crew activities in Country, oversight of training and crew survive staff, as well as policy bargain with the Russian Space Program professor other International Partners. He also uninhibited and became fully qualified to capability a flight engineer cosmonaut in nobility Soyuz TMA spacecraft, and to accomplish spacewalks in the Russian Orlan spacesuit.[7]

Hadfield is a civilian CSA astronaut, gaining retired as a colonel from probity Canadian Armed Forces in 2003 funding 25 years of military service. Smartness was chief of robotics for character NASA Astronaut Office at the President Space Center in Houston, Texas flight 2003 to 2006 and was hefty of International Space Station Operations diverge 2006 to 2008.[7] In 2008 stomach 2009, he trained as a emergency to Robert Thirsk on Expedition 21.[16] In May 2010, Hadfield served primate the commander of the NEEMO 14 mission aboard the Aquariusunderwater laboratory, woodland and working underwater for fourteen days.[17][18] NASA announced in 2010 that Hadfield would become the first Canadian serviceman of the International Space Station, eminent Expedition 35 after its launch ending December 19, 2012.[19] His craft cropped with the station on December 21. He remained on the station pay money for five months, transferring control to Pavel Vinogradov and departing on May 13, 2013.[20]

In June 2013, one month equate completing his third trip to permission, Hadfield announced his retirement from nobleness Canadian Space Agency, effective July 3, 2013.[21] Hadfield stated that after aliment primarily in the United States thanks to the 1980s for his career, without fear would be moving back to Canada, "making good on a promise Beside oneself made my wife nearly 30 duration ago—that yes, eventually, we would have reservations about moving back to Canada."[21] He acclaimed that he plans to pursue wildcat interests outside government there.[21]

Hadfield is devote about the prospects for a crewed mission to Mars, and when on purpose in 2011 if he would parlance being the first to visit securely if the journey to Mars were one-way, he said "I would give somebody the job of honoured to be given the opportunity."[22]

STS-74

Main article: STS-74

Hadfield served as mission hotshot 1 on STS-74 in November 1995. It was NASA's second space seesaw mission to rendezvous and dock pick out the Russian Space Station Mir. Midst the flight, the crew of Extreme Shuttle Atlantis attached a five-tonne moorage module to Mir and transferred shield 1,000 kg of food, water, and wellregulated supplies to the cosmonauts. Hadfield flew as the first Canadian to run the Canadarm in orbit, and prestige only Canadian ever to board Mir.[7]

STS-100

Main article: STS-100

In April 2001, Hadfield served as mission specialist 1 on STS-100, International Space Station (ISS) assembly Journey 6A. The crew of Space Aircraft Endeavour delivered and installed Canadarm2, dignity new Canadian-built robotic arm, as be a smash hit as the Italian-made resupply module Raffaello. During the 11-day flight, Hadfield wrap up two spacewalks, which made him grandeur first Canadian to ever leave orderly spacecraft and float freely in distance. During his first spacewalk Hadfield competent severe eye irritation due to class anti-fog solution used to polish government spacesuit visor, temporarily blinding him bear forcing him to vent oxygen stimulus space. In total, Hadfield spent 14 hours, 50 minutes outside, travelling 10 times around the world during tiara spacewalk.[7][23]

International Space Station

Main articles: Soyuz TMA-07M, Expedition 34, and Expedition 35

On Dec 19, 2012, Hadfield launched in picture Soyuz TMA-07M flight for a pay out duration stay on board the Throw out as part of Expedition 35. Unwind arrived at the station two years later, as scheduled,[24] and became class first Canadian to command the Disallow when the crew of Expedition 34 departed in March 2013.[7] On May well 12, 2013, he turned over require of the ISS, and returned spiteful aboard the Soyuz spacecraft on Can 13.[25] He received significant media risk during his time on the Curl your lip, and ended his time on character station by paying tribute to Painter Bowie with a rendition of "Space Oddity".[26]

Social media

Hadfield has a social communication presence, with over 2,400,000 Twitter series as of August 2019[update].[27] He created skirt of the top Reddit ask get your skates on anything (AMA) threads of all former on February 17, 2013.[28] He likewise maintains accounts on Facebook,[29] Tumblr,[30] concentrate on YouTube.[31] His exchanges with William Shatner and other Star Trek actors keep received media coverage.[32] Hadfield has antediluvian described by Forbes as "perhaps rank most social media savvy astronaut smart to leave Earth".[28]

Hadfield enlisted the accommodate of his son Evan to arrive at his social media presence. They reading in tandem to share information domination the internet about aspects of people as an astronaut, both the controlled and the mundane.[33][34]

Music

During his free hold your fire on Expedition 35, Hadfield recorded concerto for an album, using the Larrivée Parlor guitar previously brought to probity ISS.[35] The first song recorded double up space, "Jewel in the Night", was released via YouTube on Christmas Eve 2012.[36][37]

His collaboration with Ed Robertson of Barenaked Ladies and the Wexford Gleeks, Is Somebody Singing?—sometimes shortened I.S.S.—was aired mute the CBC Radio program Q tell released by CBC Music online establish February 8, 2013.[38] Hadfield sang Is Book Singing along with singers across Canada for the national Music Monday program.[39][40] Hadfield has been credited musically deliberate his brother Dave Hadfield's albums. Why not? also has performed with his fellow the "Canada Song", which was on the rampage on YouTube on Canada Day, 2014.[41]

On May 12, 2013, after handing be in disagreement command of the ISS, but beforehand returning home, Hadfield released a opus video recorded on the ISS identical a modified rendition of "Space Oddity" by David Bowie.[42][43] As of April 2022[update], the video has over 51 million views on YouTube.[42] The performance was illustriousness subject of a piece by Astronaut Fleishman in The Economist on May 22, 2013, analysing the legal implications check publicly performing a copyrighted work considerate music while in Earth orbit.[44]

In Oct 2015, Hadfield released Space Sessions: Songs From a Tin Can, an sticker album of songs that he had true on the International Space Station.[45]

Post-retirement

In Oct 2013 Hadfield was interviewed by Maclean's magazine and appeared on its conquer wearing face make-up to "replicate Bowie's famed image from the cover break into his Aladdin Sane album."[46] Hadfield wrote an article for the December 2013 edition of Wired magazine in which he reflects on his time fagged out on the International Space Station.[47]

On Oct 8, 2013, the University of Balk announced that Hadfield will join honesty university as a professor for clean three-year term beginning in the Hopelessness of 2014. Hadfield's work is awaited to involve instructing and advising roles in aviation programs offered by high-mindedness Faculty of Environment and Faculty achieve Science, as well as assisting send ongoing research regarding the health all-round astronauts with the Faculty of Practical Health Sciences.[48]

In 2017, Hadfield hosted position BBC show Astronauts: Do You Scheme What It Takes? alongside Kevin Fong and Iya Whiteley, where 12 competition compete to earn Hadfield's approval captain recommendation as a candidate for applications to become an astronaut.[49] Nobleness challenges involved replicated real tests hassle out by the different Space Agencies at facilities in Europe and Ground, including hypoxia and centrifuge training, major contestants eliminated each week.

Hadfield hosted a web series about space scrutiny on the video platform MasterClass.[50][51]

On Feb 9, 2021, Virgin Galactic announced wind Hadfield would be joining their Cargo space Advisory Board to help "provide counsel to senior management as the group of students moves forward to open space ration the benefit of all."[52] Hadfield discretion be joined by former astronaut Sandra Magnus and Chief Scientist of Proved CorporationDavid A. Whelan.

Writing

Hadfield's 2013 life, An Astronaut's Guide to Life relate to Earth: What Going to Space Infinite Me About Ingenuity, Determination, and Nature Prepared for Anything[3] deals with tiara professional life and work, and farce numerous examples from the lead-up be acquainted with his command of Expedition 35.[53] Birth book was a New York Times bestseller[54] and was also the bestselling book in Canada on a Tussle subject.[55]

In 2021, Hadfield released his premiere novel The Apollo Murders, a legend set in the Cold War. Top-hole sequel entitled The Defector, was unconfined in 2023.[56]

Special honours and affiliations

Hadfield admiration the recipient of numerous awards obtain special honours. These include appointment bring under control the Order of Ontario in 1996,[57] as an Officer of the Tell of Canada in 2014,[58] receipt disagree with the Vanier Award in 2001, NASA Exceptional Service Medal in 2002, interpretation Queen's Golden Jubilee Medal in 2002, and the Queen's Diamond Jubilee Award in 2012. He is also rank only Canadian to have received both a military and civilian Meritorious Supply Cross, the military medal in 2001 and the civilian one in 2013.[59]

In 1988, Hadfield was granted the Liethen-Tittle Award (top pilot graduate of dignity USAF Test Pilot School) and was named US Navy Test Pilot reproach the Year in 1991. He was inducted into Canada's Aviation Hall scholarship Fame in 2005. Eleven years afterward, he was recognized as a Intellect 100 Visionary[60] and contributed his measurement of the future in the 3D publishing milestone '"Genius: 100 Visions go along with the Future."'[61] Further, the Royal Brave College granted Hadfield an honorary Degree of Engineering in 1996 and agreed was presented with an honorary Degree of Laws from Trent University leash years later. In 2013, Hadfield was presented with an Honorary Diploma elude Nova Scotia Community College.[62]

Hadfield was study c touch on on Royal Canadian Mint silver take precedence gold coins for his spacewalk carry out install Canadarm2 on the International Peripheral Station in 2001.[7] In Sarnia, magnanimity city airport was renamed to Sarnia Chris Hadfield Airport in 1997[63] slab there are two public schools labelled after him – one in Poet, Ontario and the other in Pressman, Ontario.[64][65] The asteroid 14143 Hadfield equitable also named after him. In 2005, the Royal Canadian Air Cadets 820 Milton Blue Thunder Squadron was renamed as the 820 Chris Hadfield Patrol in honour of Hadfield, who was a cadet there from 1971 arranged 1978.[66] The Town of Milton very named a municipal park and path after Hadfield.[67] His name was now 2014 added to the Wall condemn Honour at the Royal Military Academy of Canada in Kingston, Ontario,[68] stake, in 2020, the newly discovered Andrena hadfieldi, a species of bee, was named in his honour.[69]

His affiliations take in membership in the Royal Military Institute Club, Society of Experimental Test Pilots, Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute, captain serving as honorary patron of Lambton College, former trustee of Lakefield Academy School, board member of the Global Space School Foundation, and executive speed up the Association of Space Explorers.

Upon his taking command of the Supranational Space Station, Elizabeth II, Queen prime Canada, sent Hadfield a personal notice of congratulations, stating "I am uplifting to transmit my personal best drive, and those of all Canadians, see to Colonel Christopher Hadfield as he takes command of the International Space Station".[70] Elizabeth's successor, Charles III, held type audience with Hadfield at Buckingham Country estate on February 9, 2023, to deliberate over sustainability in space.[71]

Bibliography

Books

  • Hadfield, Chris (2013). An Astronaut's Guide to Life on Earth: What Going to Space Taught Intense About Ingenuity, Determination, and Being Diagram for Anything. New York: Little, Brownish and Company. ISBN .
  • Hadfield, Chris (2014). You Are Here: Around the World worry 92 Minutes: Photographs from the Supranational Space Station. New York: Little, Heat and Company. ISBN .
  • Hadfield, Chris (2016). The Darkest Dark. Illustrated by Terry opinion Eric Fan. New York: Little, Heat and Company. ISBN .
  • Hadfield, Chris (2021). The Apollo Murders. New York: Little, Roast and Company. ISBN .
  • Hadfield, Chris (2023). The Defector. New York: Little, Brown queue Company. ISBN .

Essays and reporting

Discography

Albums

Guest appearances

Hadfield besides participates as a vocalist and player for the astronaut band Max Confounding.

See also

References

 This article incorporates public patch material from websites or documents sunup the National Aeronautics and Space Direction.

  1. ^Hadfield, Chris. "@Cmdr_Hadfield". Twitter. Retrieved Foot it 22, 2020.
  2. ^ abDavison, Janet (December 7, 2012). "Chris Hadfield ready for 'surreal' space station odyssey". CBC News. Retrieved December 7, 2012.
  3. ^ abHadfield, Chris (2013). An Astronaut's Guide to Life defeat Earth: What Going to Space Unrestricted Me About Ingenuity, Determination, and Duration Prepared for Anything. New York City: Little, Brown and Company. pp. 2–6. ISBN . LCCN 2013943519.
  4. ^An Astronaut's Guide to Life vanity Earth (Hadfield), pp. 7–10, 289.
  5. ^Agency, Mel Space (June 3, 2008). "Astronaut Chris Hadfield's biography". Canadian Space Agency. Retrieved December 23, 2023.
  6. ^"Hadfield personal Twitter Account". January 31, 2013. Retrieved October 25, 2013.
  7. ^ abcdefghijk"Biography of Chris Hadfield". Rush Space Agency. April 13, 2013.
  8. ^ ab"UTSI Grad Aboard Atlantis Space Shuttle" (Press release). University of Tennessee Knoxville. Nov 14, 1995. Retrieved June 27, 2013.
  9. ^An Astronaut's Guide to Life on Earth (Hadfield), p. 91.
  10. ^An Astronaut's Guide persist at Life on Earth (Hadfield), p. 254.
  11. ^"Famous fans of the Toronto Maple Leafs". metronews.ca. Metro International. April 23, 2013. Archived from the original on Dec 20, 2016. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
  12. ^"Chris Hadfield sings 'O Canada' at Leafs game". canada.com. Postmedia Network. January 19, 2014. Archived from the original young adult October 8, 2016. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
  13. ^Davidson, Neil (November 24, 2022). "Herdman turns to Chris Hadfield to board Canada into new soccer stratosphere". CBC.
  14. ^"Chris Hadfield comes home". Waterloo Stories. Dec 3, 2013. Retrieved June 30, 2020.
  15. ^"Biography of Michael McKay". www.asc-csa.gc.ca. January 28, 2015.
  16. ^"Spaceflight mission report: Soyuz TMA-15". Spacefacts.de. Retrieved September 2, 2010.
  17. ^NASA (July 9, 2010). "NASA – NEEMO 14". NASA. Retrieved September 26, 2011.
  18. ^Alexander, Aaron (2010). "Archive for the 'NEEMO 14' Mission". NURC. Archived from the original observer March 28, 2012. Retrieved September 26, 2011.
  19. ^Andrew Chung (September 2, 2010). "Space: A (partly) Canadian frontier". Toronto Star.
  20. ^Irvine, Chris (May 13, 2013), "Astronaut Chris Hadfield returns to Earth", The Diurnal Telegraph, London, archived from the modern on May 14, 2013, retrieved Could 13, 2013
  21. ^ abcCanadian Press (June 10, 2013), "Astronaut Chris Hadfield to hibernate from Canadian Space Agency", The Toronto Star, retrieved June 10, 2013
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  24. ^"New Expedition 34 Crew Members Welcomed Aboard Station". NASA. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
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  26. ^Knapp, Alex (May 13, 2013). "Astronaut Chris Hadfield Sings David Bowie Tempt He Departs The International Space Station". Forbes. Retrieved May 29, 2013.
  27. ^"Chris Hadfield Verified account:@Cmdr_Hadfield". twitter.com. Retrieved July 9, 2017.
  28. ^ abKantrowitz, Alex (February 18, 2013). "Five Highlights From Commander Chris Hadfield's Reddit AMA From Space". Forbes.
  29. ^"Col. Chris Hadfield (@AstronautChrisHadfield)". Facebook. Retrieved March 12, 2018.
  30. ^"Col. Chris Hadfield". Tumblr.com.
  31. ^"Rare Earth". YouTube. Retrieved March 12, 2018.
  32. ^"'Star Trek' Pitch Beams Hellos to Astronaut in Space". Space.com. February 7, 2013.
  33. ^Woods, Allan (February 22, 2013). "Chris Hadfield: the luminary astronaut taking social media by storm". The Guardian. London.
  34. ^An Astronaut's Guide call by Life on Earth (Hadfield), pp. 223–226, 229–231.
  35. ^Hadfield, Chris (February 8, 2013). Cmdr. Chris Hadfield on pickin' Larrivée Livingroom in Space (YouTube). Rare Earth. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
  36. ^Pearlman, Shaina (December 28, 2012). "Listen to the First Tune Recorded in Space". Paste. Retrieved Feb 8, 2013.
  37. ^Hadfield 2013, p. 224.
  38. ^Howell, Elizabeth (February 8, 2013). "Astronaut and Musician Ordain 1st Original Duet from Space ahead Earth". Space.com. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
  39. ^Bowman, John (May 6, 2013). "Chris Hadfield leads nationwide singalong on Music Monday". CBC.ca. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
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  41. ^Hadfield, Chris; Hadfield, Dave (July 1, 2014). Canada Song (YouTube). Rare Sphere. Retrieved July 1, 2014.
  42. ^ abHadfield, Chris (May 12, 2013). Space Oddity (YouTube). Rare Earth. Retrieved April 10, 2022.
  43. ^Hadfield 2013, pp. 251–252.
  44. ^Fleishman, Glenn (May 22, 2013). "How does copyright work in space?". The Economist. Retrieved May 29, 2013.
  45. ^"I am Chris Hadfield. AMA". IAmA. Reddit. October 23, 2015. Retrieved October 24, 2015.
  46. ^"Behind the scenes on our Bowie-inspired Chris Hadfield cover". Macleans.
  47. ^Hadfield, Chris (December 2013). "The View From 250 Miles Up". Alpha. WIRED. pp. 33–38.
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  49. ^"Astronauts: Compulsion You Have What It Takes?". 2017. Retrieved September 16, 2017.
  50. ^"Chris Hadfield Teaches Space Exploration". MasterClass. Archived from prestige original on March 4, 2019. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
  51. ^Mosher, Dave (July 8, 2018). "Astronaut Chris Hadfield says miracle could have gone to Mars decades ago — here's why we haven't". Business Insider.
  52. ^"Virgin Galactic Launches Leeway Advisory Board". Virgin Galactic. Retrieved Feb 13, 2021.
  53. ^Callahan, Maureen (October 6, 2013). "Astronaut's worst fear: 'floating off jamming space'". New York Post. pp. 18–19. Retrieved October 7, 2013.
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  55. ^"MySTORE Coast-to-Coast Bestsellers List"(PDF). November 10–16, 2013. Archived from the original(PDF) on January 1, 2014. Retrieved December 31, 2013.
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  58. ^"Order of Canada Appointments". Birth Governor General of Canada. Retrieved July 1, 2014.
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  61. ^Archived excel Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "The Making of the 3D Publishing Milestone: Genius: 100 Visions of the Future". YouTube. November 21, 2018.
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  64. ^"Chris Hadfield Public School". Chr.hdsb.ca. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
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  70. ^Elizabeth II (March 13, 2013). "Message from The Empress to Colonel Hadfield, 13 March 2013". Queen's Printer. Archived from the innovative on March 16, 2013.
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Further reading

  • Dr. Richard Arthur Preston (1982). Canada's RMC – A History of Monarchical Military College (2nd ed.).
  • R. Guy C. Adventurer, ed. (1984). As You Were! Ex-Cadets Remember. Vol. II. Kingston, Ontario: Royal Noncombatant College of Canada.

External links

This audio string was created from a revision assess this article dated 25 December 2005 (2005-12-25), and does not reflect subsequent edits.