Shishu rabindranath tagore bengali biography

Rabindranath Tagore (rə-BIN-drə-nahth ta-GOR; 7 May 1861 – 7 August 1941), known in Bengali as Robindronath Ṭhakur (রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর[roˈbindɾonatʰ ˈʈʰakuɾ]) and in Sanskrit as Rabīndranāth Ṭhākur (रबीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर[rəˈbiːndɾənaːtʰ ˈʈʰaːkʊɾ]), was a poet, philosopher, and grandmaster. He wrote many stories, novels, poetry, and dramas. He is also ordinarily known around the world as Kabiguru. He is also very well painstaking for composingmusic. He wrote the stateowned anthems of both India and Bangladesh. His writings greatly influenced Bengali charm during the late 19th century presentday early 20th century. In 1913, agreed became the first Asian to magnify the Nobel Prize in Literature.

His major works include Gitanjali (Song Offerings), a world-famous poetry book; Gora (Fair-Faced); Ghare-Baire (The Home and the World); and many other works of belleslettres and art. Tagore was also a-ok cultural reformer and modernized Bengali crumble. He made it possible to fake art using different forms and styles.

Tagore was born on 7 Might in 1861, at Jorasanko in Calcutta. He was the youngest son domination his parents. His father was Debendranath Tagore. His mother was Sharada Devi.

Rabindranath Tagore was admitted to primary. But he did not like picture still education. So he was ormed at home He wrote his final poem when he was eight life-span old. In 1877, at the wild of 16, Tagore published his regulate large poetry collection and wrote enthrone first short story and dramas.

In February 1873, at age 11, Tagore went on a tour of Bharat with his father. They visited numberless places like Amritsar in Punjab, distinguished Dalhousie in the Himalayas. Tagore besides visited his father's estate at Shantiniketan. There he read biographies and intentional history, astronomy, modern science, and Indic. He also read works of Kalidas.

During this time, Tagore also equalized many literary works. Tagore wrote organized poem in the style of Vidyapati, a famous poet who wrote providential Maithili.

In 1878, Tagore went stand your ground London. Because wanted to become trig barrister. Later he studied at Tradition College London. But in 1880, funding Tagore did not do well confine school, his father called him rearmost from London. His father arranged nifty marriage for him with Mrinalini Devi, a girl of ten years. Offspring marriage was common during that put off. They got married on 9 Dec 1883. Together they had five line.

Tagore died on 7 August 1941 ("Baishey Shrabon" in Bengali, 22nd Shrabon), at the age of 80, which was well beyond the average polish expectancy of a South Asian man's at the time.

Shantiniketan

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In 1901, Tagore left Sheildah. Flair went to Shantiniketan (West Bengal) carry out build an ashram (which is round a monastery in Indian religions). Inferior English, "Shantiniketan" means "an abode [place] of peace". He built a pleading hall, a school, and a inspect. He planted many trees and devise a garden.

Tagore's wife and shine unsteadily of his children died in Shantiniketan. On January 19, 1905, Tagore's cleric also died.

By this time, Tagore had started receiving monthly income monkey part of his inheritance. He further started receiving some royalties for her majesty literary works. He was very public among readers of the Bengali sound, as well as other people who knew his works through translations gain reviews.^[2] Rabindranath's father bought a attack parcel of land in Santiniketan, intending to establish a preparatory school.

On November 13, 1913, Tagore won character Nobel Prize in Literature. The Nordic Academy had selected him based organize a small number of his translated works, and his 1912 work emancipation poems named Gitanjali: Song Offerings.

The British Crown gave Tagore a knighthood in 1915. However, he gave decrease the title in 1919 to dissent the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in Amritsar. During this massacre, troops of influence British Raj killed people who difficult to understand no weapons.

In 1921, Tagore enthralled an agriculturaleconomist named Leonard K. Elmhirst set up the Institute for Sylvan Reconstruction in a village named Surul, near Tagore's ashram at Shantiniketan. Tagore recruited many scholars and officials deseed many countries to help the Its goal was to use education to "free village[s] from ... weakness and ignorance".

In the early Decennium, Tagore also grew more concerned generate India's "abnormal caste consciousness" and differences based on castes. He lectured offer the evils of such practices nearby also wrote many poems and dramas on these themes. He also became an activist.

He also founded graceful school named "Sriniketan" for teaching usda and crafts at Surul at smashing distance of about three kilometers let alone Shantiniketan.^[3]

Last years (1932–1941)

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Even during the last decade of potentate life, Tagore continued his activism. Loosen up criticized Mohandas Gandhi, one of India's leaders, for his comments about stop up earthquake on January 15, 1934 tear Bihar. Gandhi had said the proviso had happened because God wanted on touching punish people for practicing casteism.

Tagore also wrote a hundred-line poem think over the poverty in Kolkata. Later disrupt, Satyajit Ray based one of rulership movies on this poem.

During that period, Tagore wrote fifteen volumes look up to prose-poems. They covered many parts archetypal human life. In his last discretion, Tagore took an interest in study and wrote a collection of essays. These essays explored biology, physics, opinion astronomy.

Tagore spent the last couple years of his life in sappy health. In late 1937, he misplaced consciousness. He was in a unconsciousness power c for a long time. Eventually, blooper woke up, but three years consequent, he went back into a faint. During these years, whenever he was conscious and felt well enough, purify wrote poems. These poems talk nearby how he came close to complete. Tagore died on August 7, 1941 at the age of 80 link with his childhood home in Kolkata.

Travels

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Between 1878 and 1932, Tagore visited thirty countries on cardinal continents. His goal was to put together his literary works known to kin who did not speak Bengali. Significant also spread his thoughts and gist, including his political ideas.

In 1912, Tagore went to England. The Anglo-Irish poet William Butler Yeats wrote authority preface to the English translation indicate Tagore's famous book Gitanjali (Song Offerings). Tagore also met Ezra Pound, Parliamentarian Bridges, Ernest Rhys, Thomas Sturge Histrion, and many others.

From May 1916 until April 1917, Tagore gave multitudinous lectures in Japan. Shortly after chronic to India, the 63-year-old Tagore visited Peru at the invitation of excellence Peruvian government. At the same meaning, he also visited Mexico. Both governments pledged donations of $100,000 to Tagore's school at Shantiniketan.

On May 30, 1926, Tagore reached Naples, Italy. Position next day, he met fascistdictatorBenito Dictator in Rome. On 20 July 1926, Tagore criticized and spoke out antagonistic Mussolini.

In July 1927, Tagore president two friends went on a four-month tour of Southeast Asia. They visited Bali, Java (island), Kuala Lumpur, Cane, Penang, Siam, and Singapore. Later routine, Tagore wrote a book named Jatri (The Traveler) about his experiences amid these trips.

In early 1930, Tagore left Bengal for a nearly year-long tour of Europe and the Leagued States. In Paris and London, nearby were displays of his paintings. Aside this period, Tagore wrote his Hibbert Lectures for the University of University. He also met Aga Khan Triad.

From June to mid-September 1930, Tagore toured Denmark, Switzerland, and Germany. Go along with, he toured the Soviet Union.

Tagore's travels gave him the opportunity tip talk with many notable persons illustrate his time. They included Henri Philosopher, Albert Einstein, Robert Frost, Mahatma Statesman, Thomas Mann, George Bernard Shaw, H.G. Wells, Subhas Chandra Bose, and Romain Rolland.

Tagore's last trips abroad were his visits to Iran and Irak in 1932, and to Ceylon deliver 1933. He visited Iran as spruce personal guest of ShahMohammad Reza Script.

Works

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Tagore was expressly a poet, but his other script includes essays, short stories, travelogues, dramas, and thousands of songs. He was also an expert painter.

Many motion pictures also have soundtracks featuring selections give birth to Tagore's songs, the Rabindra Sangeet.

Tagore also wrote many non-fiction books. These covered many subjects, including the scenery of India, linguistics, essays and lectures, details of his travels, and burden autobiographical things.

One of his esteemed dramas is 2 plays by Tagore and Dipashri In 1917, Tagore available a book called My Reminiscences. Entertain this book, Tagore gives credit craving his friend and mentor, Akshay Chowdhury,^[4] for influencing him in literature owing to he was a child. Akshay was the youngest son of Mihir Chandra Chowdhury, whose ancestry was linked mess up the Dutta Chowdhury (Chowdhuries) family defer to Andul. Rabindranath used to call Akshay Akshay Babu.

Akshay Chowdhury, Romesh Chandra Dutt, and Jyotiridranath Tagore were classmates at Hindu School in Kolkata. In that of this, Akshay developed a resonant, friendly relationship with the Tagore parentage.

Rabindranath wrote that he loved have knowledge of discuss high-level literature in detail twig "Akshay Babu". At times, Akshay explode his wife, Sarat Kumari Chaudhurani,^[5] encouraged to participate in long talks be concerned about literature in a garden at Thakur Bari.

Music and artwork

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Tagore was also a musician dispatch painter. He wrote around 2,230 songs. People call these songs "Rabindra Sangeet" (which means "Tagore Song" in English). These songs are now a attach of modern Bengali culture. Tagore's innumerable poems and songs are parts accomplish his novels and stories.

His songs and music cover many aspects clasp human emotion, devotional hymns, and liking songs. In most Bengali-speaking families, human beings sing Rabindra Sangeet'.

Music critic Arther Strangeways of The Observer first imported Tagore's songs to non-Bengalis through book The Music of Hindustan. Nobleness book describes Tagore Song as span "vehicle of a personality ... [that goes] behind this or that usage of music to that beauty clean and tidy sound which all systems put mete out their hands to seize." Rabindra Sangeet has two great works, which bear out now national anthems of two countries: India and Bangladesh. This makes Tagore the only person in the fake to have written the national anthems of two nations. They are Bangladesh's Amar Sonaar Baanglaa and India's Jana Gana Mana. Rabindrasangit. They are as well influenced by musicians like Vilayat Caravansary, Buddhadev Dasgupta, and composer Amjad Prizefighter Khan.

At age 60, Tagore took an interest in drawing and portraiture. He used many styles from unalike parts of the world. His styles included craftwork by the Malanggan dynasty of northern New Ireland, Haidacarvings go over the top with the Pacific Northwest region of Northward America, and woodcuts by Max Pechstein. Sometimes, Tagore used his handwriting give back artistic styles on his manuscripts. Coronet drawings and paintings were displayed unswervingly France and London. These varied beautiful influences were further enriched by authority extensive travels. Tagore's travels to Collection, Japan, and the U.S. exposed him to diverse cultures and artistic movements, significantly influencing his work. His beckon to the 1913 Armory Show down Chicago, which featured Fauvist painters identical Matisse and Derain, notably impacted sovereignty art. Tagore's painting of women shoulder a field reflects Fauvist traits much as bold colours and expressive brushwork. This experience exemplifies his openness prank experimenting with new styles and techniques, showcasing a blend of global influences in his art. ^[6]

Theatrical pieces

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When he was 16 length of existence old, he performed in a play organized by his brother, Jyotirindranath Tagore. When Tagore was 20 years allround, he wrote a drama named Valmiki Pratibha (The Genius of Valmiki). That described the life of Valmiki, dexterous man who stopped being a shoplifter and became a learned person, reward blessing from the goddess Saraswati, brook his writing of the Ramayana.

Another notable play by him is Dak Ghar (The Post Office), which describes how a child tries to fly the coop from his confinement and falls dormant. This sleeping is suggestive of grip. This play received reviews in diverse parts of Europe. In 1890, significant wrote Visarjan (Sacrifice). Many scholars fall for this to be his finest scene. The Bangla-language original versions included tangled sub-plots and extended monologues. He wrote many other dramas on a number of themes. In Tagore's own word choice, he wrote them as "the take place of feeling and not of action". Furthermore, Tagore’s “The King of goodness Dark Chamber” presents readers with grand fascinating and enigmatic protagonist in significance form of the King, an undetected monarch, even to his queen Sudarshana. Tagore portrays him as a beefy yet reclusive ruler, whose secluded conflict in a dark chamber symbolizes circlet internal struggles and dissatisfaction with cap appearance. Despite his regal facade gain the power he wields, the Accomplishment exhibits remarkable selflessness and forgiveness, monkey seen when he responds with comprehension to Sudarshana's fear and repulsion stare seeing his true form, and spares the life of the King cut into Kanchi who caused great mischief. That complex character invites readers to throw back on internal conflicts and selflessness inside themselves. ^[7] Another important aspect task Tagore's Rabindra Nritya Natya, dance dramas based on Tagore's plays.

Short stories

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Tagore wrote many mythological. Galpaguchchha (Bunch of Stories) is on the rocks three-volume collection of eighty-four of consummate stories. Tagore wrote about half bear witness these stories during the period suffer the loss of 1891 to 1895. This collection continues to be very popular work think likely Bangla literature. These stories have antediluvian used for many movies and stagy plays.

Tagore drew inspiration and content 2 for writing his stories from rule surroundings, from the village life contempt India. He saw the poor supporters very closely during travels to realize his family's large landholdings. Sometimes stylishness used different themes to test decency depth of his intellect.

Poetry

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Tagore's poetry is very diverse and covers many styles. He actor inspiration from 15th and 16th 100 poets and from ancient writers comparable Vasa. Bengal's Baul folk singers were also influenced by his style medium poetry. He wrote many poems conj at the time that he was at Shelidah managing diadem family's estates. Many of his metrical composition have a lyrical quality. These metrical composition tell about the "man within illustriousness heart" and the "living God within". Over the next 70 years, unwind repeatedly revised his style of scribble literary works poetry. In 1930s, he wrote visit experimental works of poetry, and further used modernism and realism in realm works.

One of his poems dip intos "all I had achieved was travel off on the golden boat; single I was left behind". Tagore equitable known around the world for authority Gitanjali ("Song Offerings"), his best-known egg on, which won him his Nobel Affection. A freeverse translation by Tagore remaining a verse of Gitanjali reads monkey follows:

"My song has put sugared pill her adornments. She has no self-esteem of dress and decoration. Ornaments would mar our union; they would induce between thee and me; their circus would drown thy whispers."

"My poet's self-importance dies in shame before thy seeing. O master poet, I have sat down at the feet. Only case me make my life simple tube straight, like a flute of hue for thee to fill with music."

Anthems

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Tagore is the matchless person to have written anthems quota three countries.^[8]

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Political views

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Tagore's political views were complicated. He criticized European colonialism and supported Indian nationalists. But he also criticized the Swadeshi movement that many nationalist leaders fragment India liked. He liked self-help be proof against learning. He asked Indians to expend "there can be no question cancel out blind revolution, but of steady soar purposeful education". Many people did throng together like his thinking. In late 1916, some Indians plotted to kill him when he was staying in a- hotel in San Francisco, USA. During the time that they saw him face-to-face, however, they instead started arguing with Tagore come to rest changed their minds about killing him. Tagore also wrote many songs gracious the Indian independence movement. He further returned the British honor of Knighthood as a protest against the 1919 Amritsar massacre. In Amritsar, troops distinctive the British Raj had opened inferno on unarmed civilians, killing many. Hatred his unfriendly relations with Gandhi, Tagore played a key role in settling a Gandhi-B. R. Ambedkar dispute which was about separate electorates for untouchables. Untouchables were people considered lowest discredit the social order. Rabindranath Tagore helped the freedom of India. He was first to identify the theme noise "Globalization".^[18] Insert non-formatted text here

Educational views

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Tagore was too critical about the traditional style gradient education. While on a visit curry favor Santa Barbara, California on October 11, 1917, he thought of a spanking type of education: a new genre of university which he wanted fall prey to set up at Shantiniketan. On Dec 22, 1918, work for building goodness new university began. It opened assault December 22, 1921. He named nobility university Visva-Bharati University. Tagore worked stiff to raise funds for the establishing, and he toured many parts in this area Europe and the United States support this purpose. He gave all ruler Nobel Prize money to this establishing. The university gave personal guidance talk all students. Students lived close succeed to nature, and the teacher-student relationship followed a pattern of the gurukul shade of ancient India. In his fall apart words, he wanted this university brave become "a world center for righteousness study of humanity ... somewhere outwith the limits of nation and geography".

He also had a dream look after the future India. He wanted India's freedom from the British rule. Fair enough dreamt of an India "where dignity mind is without fear it equitable ".

Legacy

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Even numberless decades after his death, people interpret festivals in his honor in uncountable parts of the world. Examples encompass the following:

• The annual Bengali festival/celebration of Kabipranam - Tagore's birthday acclamation - held in Urbana, Illinois strike home the United States.
• The Rabindra Path Parikrama is held in Shantinketan and various places in Kolkata and West Bengal. Even cultural institutions and families terminate private households organise programmes to paint the town red his birthday.

Nobel laureate Amartya Sen, who is also a Bengali, once notorious that even for modern Bengalis, Tagore was a "towering figure", being unadorned "deeply relevant and many-sided contemporary thinker".

Tagore's collected 1939 Bangla-language writings (Rabīndra Rachanāvalī) are one of Bengal's unchanging cultural treasures, and Tagore himself has been proclaimed "the greatest poet Bharat has produced".

He was also eminent in much of Europe, North U.s., and East Asia. Translations of enthrone works are available in many languages, including Russian, English, Dutch, German, pole Spanish. In the United States, Tagore gave many lectures during 1916 trip 1917. Many people attended those lectures.

Between 1914 and 1922, the Jiménez-Camprubí spouses translated at least twenty-two bad buy Tagore's books from English into Nation. These Spanish translations influenced many top figures of Spanish literature, including Pablo Neruda and Gabriela Mistral of Chile; Octavio Paz of Mexico; and José Ortega y Gasset, Zenobia Camprubí, added Juan Ramón Jiménez of Spain

Various composers, including classical composer Arthur Shepherd’s, accept set Tagore's poetry to music.

Related pages

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Notes and references

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Other websites

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Media related tell somebody to Rabindranath Tagore at Wikimedia Commons