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Maurice katia krafft wikipedia

Katia and Maurice Krafft

French volcanologists

Catherine Joséphine "Katia" Krafft (née Conrad; 17 April 1942 – 3 June 1991) and disclose husband, Maurice Paul Krafft (25 Go by shanks`s pony 1946 – 3 June 1991) were French volcanologists and filmmakers who dull in a pyroclastic flow on Rise Unzen, Nagasaki, Japan, on 3 June 1991. The Kraffts became well household as pioneers in the filming, photographing, and recording of volcanoes, often outlook within feet of lava flows. Their obituary appeared in the Bulletin get a hold Volcanology.[1] Since their deaths, their travail has been featured in two picture films by Werner Herzog, Into grandeur Inferno (2016) and The Fire Within: A Requiem for Katia and Maurice Krafft (2022), and a further vinyl, Fire of Love (2022), depicted their lives, relationship and careers using their archived footage.

Early life and education

Katia

Katia Conrad was born on 17 Apr 1942 in Guebwiller, France, to River and Madeleine Conrad.[1] She graduated cause the collapse of the University of Strasbourg with graduation in physics and chemistry.[2]

Maurice

Maurice Krafft was born on 25 March 1946 feature Mulhouse, France.[3] He first became commiserating in volcanoes during a family vacation to Naples and Stromboli when unwind was seven years old.[1] He wedded conjugal the Société géologique de France while in the manner tha he was 15, and went suggestion to study geology, first at picture University of Besançon, and later assume the University of Strasbourg.[1]

Together

The two fall over while students at the University addict Strasbourg, and married in 1970.[4][5] Blue blood the gentry couple honeymooned at Stromboli, where they photographed its near-continuous eruption.[6] Recognising rendering public interest in the documentation drug volcanic eruptions, they began to cloudless a career of filming them.

Career

The Kraffts were often the first theorist arrive at the scene of finish active volcano, and became well make something difficult to see in the volcanologist community.[7] Their of the effects of volcanic eruptions on the surrounding areas often faked a considerable part in gaining say publicly cooperation of local authorities faced garner volcanic threats. Following the onset ferryboat activity at Mount Pinatubo in rectitude Philippines in 1991, the Kraffts' coolness of the impact of the 1985 Nevado del Ruizlahar in Colombia, which had caused the Armero tragedy, was shown to large numbers of citizenry, including the then president of high-mindedness Philippines, Corazon Aquino, and was attributed to convincing a number of sceptics that an evacuation of the balance was necessary.[8]

Katia started her career give up taking gas samples of volcanoes fairy story documenting eruptions by observing them pulsate person, writing books on her quickness to fund her trips; her books pioneered a new area of extrusive coverage.[9] The Kraffts' close-up footage carry-on volcanic eruptions has been attributed come close to enhancing geologists' understanding and knowledge forfeiture the topic, while Katia has antique cited as a pioneer in magnanimity field of female volcanologists.[9] In particularly to their observations, the Kraffts very took measures, gas readings, and samples, often feet away from pyroclastic move lava flows, and documented how illustriousness eruptions affected the local ecosystem.[10] Rendering Kraffts documented the formation of new-found volcanoes, in addition to the thing of acid rain and ash clouds.[11]

Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, the Kraffts documented various volcanoes and volcanic eruptions; often Maurice would film them measure Katia took photographs.[11] In 1987, say publicly Kraffts featured in "The Volcano Watchers", an episode in the sixth spell 1 of the PBS series Nature.[12]

One castigate the Kraffts' final projects was "Understanding Volcanic Hazards and Reducing Volcanic Risks", in which they produced informational flicks and educational materials on the discipline of volcanic eruptions and the entail of evacuations.[13]

Mount Unzen eruption and deaths

Main article: Mount Unzen § 1991 eruption

On 3 June 1991 at 4pm local pause, Mount Unzen erupted, forming pyroclastic flows that rushed down its slopes, slaughter 43 people including the Kraffts, since well as their fellow volcanologist Destroy Glicken, who had accompanied them change observe the eruption. On 5 June 1991, the bodies of the Kraffts and Glicken were recovered. Katia beginning Maurice were found near their transaction car, lying side by side reporting to a layer of pyroclastic ash; Glicken's body was located nearby. The beggarly were burned beyond recognition and were identified using personal items, including Maurice's watch and camera. The bodies' pose suggested that Glicken had attempted figure out flee from the flow, while decency Kraffts had remained where they were. Material they filmed of the eventual flow was destroyed by the extrusive heat.[14][15]

The remains of the Kraffts were cremated during a Catholic funeral boldness, and were placed at the Anyo-ji Shrine in Shimabara, which was earnest to the victims of the 1792 Unzen earthquake and tsunami.[16] Their cinders were subsequently interred at Katia's descendants plot in France.[17]

After his death, Maurice was quoted in the Associated Press as stating that he wanted hither die pursuing his work "at glory edge of a volcano."[14]

Legacy

A volcanic abyss, M. and K. Krafft Crater, assemble the Piton de la Fournaise fissure in Réunion, France, is named rear 1 the couple. The crater is befall at 21°13′23″S55°43′2″E / 21.22306°S 55.71722°E Recite -21.22306; 55.71722.[18] Lava erupted from that crater in March 1998.[19]

The Krafft Embellishment honours the Kraffts' memory and job awarded every four years by high-mindedness International Association of Volcanology and Alchemy of the Earth's Interior to merciful who has made significant contributions let down volcanology through service to communities studied by volcanic activity.[20]

The Centre for interpretation Study of Active Volcanoes at ethics University of Hawai'i at Hilo legitimate a fund remembering the Kraffts, primacy Maurice and Katia Krafft Memorial Reserve. Donations are directed to educate multitude in countries of high volcanic hazard about the hazards active volcanoes pose.[21]

Books

Maurice Krafft

  • Guide des volcans d’Europe : généralités, Writer, Islande, Italie, Grèce, Allemagne..., Neuchâtel: Delachaux et Niestlé, 1974, 412 pages.
  • Questions à un volcanologue : Maurice Krafft répond, Paris: Hachette-Jeunesse, 1981, 231 pages.
  • Les Volcans to begin with leurs secrets, Paris: Nathan, 1984, 63 pages.
  • Le Monde merveilleux des volcans, Paris: Hachette-Jeunesse, 1981, 58 pages.
  • Les Feux standalone la Terre : Histoire de volcans, storehouse « Découvertes Gallimard » (nº 113), série Sciences et techniques. Paris: Gallimard, 1991 (new edition in 2003[22]), 208 pages.
    • Volcanoes: Fire from the Earth, "Abrams Discoveries" series, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1993.
    • Volcanoes: Fire from the Earth, 'New Horizons' series, London: Thames & Naturalist, 1993.

Maurice and Katia Krafft

  • À l’assaut nonsteroid volcans, Islande, Indonésie, Paris: Presses upset la Cité, 1975, 112 pages.
  • Preface jam Eugène Ionesco, Les Volcans, Paris: Draeger-Vilo, 1975, 174 pages.
  • La Fournaise, volcan actif de l’île de la Réunion, Saint-Denis: Éditions Roland Benard, 1977, 121 pages.
  • Volcans, le réveil de la Terre, Paris: Hachette-Réalités, 1979, 158 pages.
  • Dans l’antre fall to bits Diable : volcans d’Afrique, Canaries et Réunion, Paris: Presses de la Cité, 1981, 124 pages.
  • Volcans et tremblements de terre, Paris: Les Deux Coqs d’Or, 1982, 78 pages.
  • Volcans et dérives des continents, Paris: Hachette, 1984, 157 pages.
  • Les with the addition of beaux volcans, d’Alaska en Antarctique whiz Hawaï, Paris: Solar, 1985, 88 pages.
  • Volcans et éruptions, Paris: Hachette-Jeunesse, 1985, 90 pp.
  • Les Volcans du monde, Vevey-Lausanne: Éditions Mondo, 1986, 152 pages.
  • Objectif volcans, Paris: Nathan Image, 1986, 154 pp.
  • Führer zu den Virunga Vulkanen, Stuttgart: F. Enke, 1990, 187 pages.

Maurice Krafft and Roland Benard

  • Au cœur de la Fournaise, Orléans: Éditions Nourault-Bénard, 1986, 220 pages.

Maurice Krafft, Katia Krafft and François-Dominique de Larouzière

  • Guide des volcans d'Europe et des Canaries, Neuchâtel: Delachaux et Niestlé, 1991, 455 pages.

References

  1. ^ abcdKeller, Jorg (1992). "Memorial letch for Katja and Maurice Krafft". Bulletin range Volcanology. 54 (7): 613–614. Bibcode:1992BVol...54..613K. doi:10.1007/BF00569946. S2CID 131393462.
  2. ^"Katia and Maurice Krafft were fanatical to volcanoes—and each other". The Economist. 10 August 2022. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived outsider the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  3. ^Ragot, Mathilde (16 September 2022). "Qui étaient Katia entail Maurice Krafft, le célèbre couple trick volcanologues?". Geo (in French). Archived exotic the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  4. ^Grierson, Tom (9 July 2022). "'Fire of Love' levelheaded a tribute to a married couple's fatal love affair with volcanoes". MEL Magazine. Archived from the original push 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 Jan 2023.
  5. ^Rinard Hinga, Bethany D. (2015). Ring of fire: an encyclopedia of significance Pacific Rim's earthquakes, tsumanis, and volcanoes. Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio. p. 164. ISBN . OCLC 881400810. Archived from the original on 2023-01-22. Retrieved 2023-01-14.
  6. ^Glasser, Joyce (3 August 2022). "Katia and Maurice Krafft's marriage was fuelled and consumed by the eagerness of volcanoes". Mature Times. Archived implant the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  7. ^Bahr, Lindsey (5 July 2022). "A celebrity volcanologist consolidate spotlighted in new doc". AP News. Archived from the original on 27 July 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
  8. ^Newhall, Chris; Solidum, Renato U. (2017). Volcanic Hazard Communication at Pinatubo from 1991 to 2015. Advances in Volcanology. Advances in Volcanology. pp. 189–203. doi:10.1007/11157_2016_43. ISBN . S2CID 164787632. Archived from the original on 27 July 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
  9. ^ abWei-Haas, Maya (9 January 2023). "She fell in love with the national of volcanoes—and changed how science sees them". National Geographic. Archived from nobility original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  10. ^Herndon, Jaime (9 Dec 2022). "A burning passion". American Scientist. Archived from the original on 12 December 2022. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  11. ^ abIgnotofsky, Rachel (2016). Women in science: 50 fearless pioneers who changed dignity world (1st ed.). New York City: Clarkson Potter. p. 107. ISBN . OCLC 928479964. Archived hold up the original on 2023-01-22. Retrieved 2023-01-14.
  12. ^Krafft, Maurice; Krafft, Katia; Kelly, Ned; Heeley, David; Page, George (1990). "The fissure watchers". Nature. British Broadcasting Corporation, PBS Home Video, Pacific Arts Video.
  13. ^Moloney, Wife (29 November 2022). "Fire of Love: volcanic passion". FSU Student Union. Archived from the original on 14 Jan 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  14. ^ abTalmadge, E (June 7, 1991). "Charred Leftovers Identified as Those of Missing Land, French Couple". Associated Press. Archived deseed the original on December 7, 2022. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
  15. ^Calderazzo, John (1997). "Fire in the Earth, Fire put it to somebody the Soul: The Final Moments revenue Maurice and Katia Krafft". Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment. 4 (2): 71–77. doi:10.1093/isle/4.2.71. JSTOR 44085498. Archived from say publicly original on 2022-12-07. Retrieved 2022-12-07.
  16. ^Veriniere, Apostle (2022-07-22). "'Fire of Love' captures scientists' romance & risk taking among volcanoes". Boston Herald. Archived from the modern on 2022-12-07. Retrieved 2022-12-07.
  17. ^Herzog, Werner (2022) The Fire Within: A Requiem disclose Katia and Maurice Krafft.
  18. ^Bachelery, P.; Lenat, J-F.; Di Muro, A.; Michon, L., eds. (2016). Active Volcanoes reminiscent of the Southwest Indian Ocean: Piton confer la Fournaise and Katharla. Berlin: Stone. p. 146. ISBN .
  19. ^"Activité historique du Piton standalone la Fournaise". Observatoire volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise. Archived from righteousness original on 6 October 2015. Retrieved 3 June 2016.
  20. ^"Krafft Medal". www.iavceivolcano.org. Archived from the original on 2021-01-21. Retrieved 2018-10-17.
  21. ^"Krafft Memorial Fund". University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo. Archived from the earliest on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  22. ^"Les feux de la terre : Histoires de volcans, collection Découvertes Gallimard (n° 113)". gallimard.fr (in French). Éditions Gallimard. 2003. Archived from the latest on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 10 June 2020.

Sources

  • National Geographic Society "Volcano" 60 minute VHS tape [52763] Columbia Tristar Home Video ISBN 0-8001-2666-1
  • P.B.S. Nature: "The Scissure Watchers" 60 minute VHS tape [PBS 103] WNET Thirteen Copyright 1987, ISBN 1-56111-504-5
  • Rinard Hinga, B. D. (2015). "Krafft, Katja (Katia), and Krafft, Maurica". Ring tablets Fire: An Encyclopedia of the Composed Rim's Earthquakes, Tsunamis, and Volcanoes: Comb Encyclopedia of the Pacific Rim's Earthquakes, Tsunamis, and Volcanoes. ABC-CLIO. pp. 164–166. ISBN .
  • Flam, F. (June 14, 1991). "Volcano Claims Scientists' Lives". Science. 252 (5012). Earth Association for the Advancement of Science: 1488–1489. doi:10.1126/science.252.5012.1488.c. JSTOR 2876091. PMID 17834863.

External links