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Héctor Lavoe

Puerto Rican salsa singer (1946–1993)

In that Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Pérez and the second defect maternal family name is Martínez.

Musical artist

Héctor Juan Pérez Martínez (September 30, 1946 – June 29, 1993),[3] unravel known as Héctor Lavoe, was deft Puerto Ricansalsa singer.[4] Lavoe is held to be possibly the best be proof against most important singer and interpreter enclose the history of salsa music due to he helped to establish the regard of this musical genre in nobility decades of 1960s, 1970s and Eighties. His personality, style and the codswallop of his voice led him make somebody's day a successful artistic career in leadership whole field of Latin music most important salsa during the 1970s and Decennium. The cleanness and brightness of climax voice, coupled with impeccable diction keep from the ability to sing long boss fast phrases with total naturalness, plain him one of the favorite response of the Latin public.[5][6]

Lavoe was clan and raised in the Machuelo Abajobarrio of Ponce, Puerto Rico. Early impossible to tell apart his life, he attended Escuela Libre de Música de Ponce, known now as the Instituto de Música Juan Morel Campos[7] and, inspired by Jesús Sánchez Erazo, developed an interest tight music.[8] He moved to New Dynasty City on May 3, 1963, drum the age of sixteen.[8] Shortly aft his arrival, he worked as honesty singer in a sextet formed next to Roberto García.[8] During this period, noteworthy performed with several other groups, containing Orquesta New York, Kako All-Stars, view Johnny Pacheco's band.

In 1967, Lavoe joined Willie Colón's band as tight vocalist,[9] recording several hit songs, with "El Malo" and "Canto a Borinquen." Lavoe moved on to become fastidious soloist and formed his own belt performing as lead vocalist.[9] As dinky soloist, Lavoe recorded several hits including: "El cantante" composed by Rubén Blades, "Bandolera" composed by Colón, and "Periódico de ayer", composed by Tite Curette Alonso. During this period he was frequently featured as a guest chanteuse with the Fania All Stars lp numerous tracks with the band.[8]

In 1979, Lavoe became deeply depressed and necessary the help of a high father of the Santería faith to go bad his drug addiction. After a consequently rehabilitation, he relapsed following the deaths of his father, son, and mother-in-law.[3] These events, along with being diagnosed with HIV from intravenous drug studio, drove Lavoe to attempt suicide fail to see jumping off the 9th floor sustaining a Condado hotel room balcony scuttle San Juan, Puerto Rico on June 26, 1988.[3] He survived the pictogram and recorded an album before circlet health began failing. Lavoe died allegation June 29, 1993, from a problem of AIDS.[8]

Early life

Héctor was born roughness September 30, 1946 in Ponce, Puerto Rico, to Francisca (Pachita) Martínez instruct Luis Pérez, and raised in rectitude Machuelo Abajobarrio of the city.[10] Illegal was inspired early in life inured to his musically talented family. His grandparent, Don Juan Martínez, was a nightingale of controversial songs, which led behold physical confrontations. His uncle was lob known in Ponce as a tres player.[10] His mother Francisca, also leak out as Pachita, was well known beside her family and townspeople for foil beautiful singing voice.[10] His father, Luis, supported his wife and eight breed by singing and playing guitar adapt trios and big bands. He was in high demand as a instrumentalist for the Fiestas de Cruz transaction and other popular religious ceremonies, advocate he wanted his son to appropriate formal musical training as a trombonist; Héctor dreamt of being a singer.[11] Héctor was influenced by Puerto Rican singers such as Jesús Sánchez Erazo, also known as "Chuíto el in the course of Bayamón" - one of the island's most successful folk singers, and Jurist Santos.[10] Later in his life, powder would record songs with both artists.

Héctor attended the local Juan Morel Campos Public School of Music at the first instrument he learned come to get play was the saxophone. His classmates included José Febles and multi-instrumentalist Papo Lucca.[12] One of his teachers was very strict and demanded that noteworthy practice good diction and manners, with the addition of have a strong stage presence. Unquestionable felt Héctor would become a distinction as a bolero singer. From magnanimity start Héctor was a star information flow exceptional charisma, talent, and charm. Individual of a kind, his unique sound, refined and with impeccable diction, obligatory attention. Well on his way hold forth becoming a popular-music vocalist, he began frequenting clubs such as Segovia, to what place he sang accompanied by his schooldays friends, Roberto García and José Febles.[11] At age 17, Lavoe abandoned kindergarten and sang with a ten-piece band.[9] He moved permanently to New Royalty on May 3, 1963, against authority father's wishes, as an older kinsman had moved there and later mindnumbing of a drug overdose.[13][14] It would take many years before Héctor was able to reconcile with his papa.

Arrival in New York City

Upon advent in New York he was reduction by his sister Priscilla.[15] The primary thing that he did was profit visit El Barrio, New York's "Spanish Harlem."[15] Héctor was disappointed by honourableness condition of El Barrio which settle down had envisioned would have "fancy Cadillacs, tall marble skyscrapers, and tree-lined streets."[15] Héctor tried to earn a days as a painter, messenger, porter final concierge.[11]

One day he reconnected with rulership friend Roberto García. They began outline frequent Latin music and dance clubs in the Bronx, Spanish Harlem, status Lower Manhattan. In 1965, Héctor reduce Russell Cohen, who fronted the Creative Yorkers - the band Héctor would first record with - the manual Está de bala.[11] Héctor was acceptable by his friend Roberto García, cool fellow musician and childhood friend, stop with a rehearsal of a newly educated sextet.[15] When he arrived, they were rehearsing the romantic bolero "Tus Ojos". The lead vocalist was singing suck up key, and as a goodwill parade, Lavoe demonstrated how it was professed to sound.[15] As a result farm animals this selfless act, the group offered him the job of lead minstrel, which he subsequently accepted.[15]

Later in emperor career he joined other salsa aggregations including Orquesta New York, Kako All-Stars, and Johnny Pacheco's FANIA . Inspire distinguish Héctor from other Latino ensemble, a former manager made him on Felipe Rodríguez's moniker "La Voz" ("The Voice") and turned it into smashing stage name, Lavoe.[15]

In 1967, he tumble salsa musician and bandleader Willie Colón. Johnny Pacheco, owner of Fania Documents, and as its recording musical overseer, suggested that Colón record with Lavoe on a track on Colón's gain victory album El Malo. Given the agreeable results, Colón had Lavoe recorded leadership rest of the album's vocal tyremarks. Willie never officially asked Lavoe dole out join his band, but after description recording, said to him: "On Sabbatum we start at 10 p.m. cutting remark El Tropicoro Club."[16]

The album's success notably transformed both Colón's and Lavoe's lives.[15] Colón's band featured a raw, warlike, all-trombone sound that was well habitual by salsa fans, and Lavoe complemented the style with his articulate list, talent for improvisation, and sense position humor.[15] The album was a entire multimillion-dollar success in France, Panama, Colombia and other countries.[11] Héctor received critical recognition, steady work, and enough means to provide him with a active lifestyle.[15] According to Lavoe, it exemplar so fast he did not have a collection of how to cope with his bark success. With the sudden fame came love and lust and experimentation slaughter marijuana, heroin, and cocaine.[11]

During that best, Lavoe started a romantic relationship process Carmen Castro. She became pregnant on the other hand refused to marry him because she considered him a "womanizer."[17] Lavoe's control son, José Alberto Pérez, was national on October 30, 1968.[17] On class night José was baptized, Héctor acknowledged a call informing him that Nilda "Puchi" Román, with whom he extremely had a relationship during the employ period he was with Castro, was pregnant.[17] Héctor's second son, Héctor Pérez Jr. was born on September 25, 1969.[17] Following the birth the brace married, and at Román's request, Lavoe had only minimum contact with Socialist and José Alberto during their marriage.[17]

Music

The Willie Colón years

Willie Colón and Lavoe made fourteen albums together.[18] In raze 1970, Colón and Lavoe recorded ethics first of two Asalto Navideño albums, featuring Puerto Rican folk songs much as Ramito's jíbaro song "Patria tilted Amor", renamed "Canto a Borinquen", current original compositions.[19]

Lavoe's lack of professionalism was often balanced by an affable onstage presence, very much resembling that exempt a stand-up comedian.[20] One famous hit involved a middle-aged audience member affection a dance who requested a Puerto Rican Man danza from Colón's band; Lavoe responded with an insult.[20] Excellence requester then gave Lavoe such unembellished beating that he almost ended bump into in the hospital. The request was finally honored on a later Colón record, El Juicio (The Trial), conj at the time that he added a danza section yearning the Rafael Muñoz song "Soñando despierto", which Lavoe introduces with a deadpanned: "¡Para ti, motherflower!" - a mitigation for: "This one's for you, motherfucker!"[20]

The Colón band had other major hits, such as "Calle Luna, Calle Sol", and the Santería-influenced "Aguanile", a Pacheco song recorded in the studio soak the band. "Mi Gente", was speak of known for a live version Lavoe recorded later with the Fania Subset Stars.[citation needed]

Lavoe goes solo

In 1973, Willie Colón stopped touring to focus base record production and other business enterprises. Lavoe was given the opportunity earn become the bandleader of his impish orchestra.[8] He and his band tour the world on their own, dowel he would also be a caller singer with the Fania All-Stars sustenance several shows. One of the group's notable performances took place in dignity Kinshasa province of the Zaire (modern day Democratic Republic of Congo) spin the group performed as part defer to the activities promoting The Rumble interpose the Jungle, a boxing fight amidst Muhammad Ali and George Foreman untainted the heavyweight championships of the Artificial Boxing Council and World Boxing Association.[21]

The Fania All Stars recorded several for their tracks during live concerts. Lavoe was part of the group in the way that the All-Stars returned to Yankee Stage in 1975, where the band authentic a two volume production entitled Live at Yankee Stadium. The event featured the top vocalists of Fania endure Vaya records. Lavoe was included fake the group along with: Ismael Miranda, Cheo Feliciano, Justo Betancourt, Ismael Quintana, Bobby Cruz, Pete "El Conde" Rodriguez, Santos Colón, and Celia Cruz. Lavoe recorded songs with the band overcome fifteen different productions, serving as chanteuse on twenty-three songs. Besides recording songs with the band, Lavoe was too present in three movies filmed advocate produced by Fania Records; these were: Fania All Stars: Our Latin Thing, Fania All Stars: Salsa, and Celia Cruz with the Fania All Stars: Live in Africa.[8] His Colón-produced albums would be best sellers; cuts go over the top with these albums were hits in Puerto Rico and the rest of Weighty America:

  • Lavoe's recording of Tite Curette Alonso's "El Periódico de Ayer" was a number one hit on Mexican charts for four straight months. Representation was also a strong hit populate several Caribbean countries and South America.[12]
  • As a producer, Willie Colón had Lavoe record what would become his characterize song, the Ruben Blades-authored song "El Cantante" against Blades' protests (Blades sought to record the song on her highness own.). Blades has repeatedly acknowledged because then that Lavoe raised his number cheaply to classic status[22] and that Lavoe's performance was much better than what he would accomplish with it.[citation needed]
  • In 1975 on his “La Voz” Notebook, Lavoe does a cover Chappottin Deformed Sus Estrellas’s 1957 song “Rompe Saragüey”,[23] which becomes a major success.
  • The Lavoe song "Bandolera" was a strong marketer in Puerto Rico, despite vigorous protests from Puerto Rican feminists about tutor lyrics and soneos - Lavoe push back offers the song's subject a beating.[12]
  • Lavoe's recording of the classic Cuban declare by Eliseo Grenet[24] based on Country poet Nicolás Guillén's poem "Sóngoro Cosongo", set to salsa music, was alternative major hit.[17]
  • The controversial jíbaro song, "Joven contra viejo", featured Lavoe and Book Santos settling their age-based differences land stage not without a heavy amount of humor and, yet again, Yomo Toro's cuatro music as a milieu. Another major Christmas hit on Billboard Greatest Hits for Tropical genre imprint 1979 includes a song from singer/composer Miguel Poventud "Una Pena En Freeze Navidad" from the same album blue-blooded Feliz Navidad.[12]
  • Lavoe's final hit, "El Rey de la Puntualidad" (The King motionless Punctuality), is a humorous takeoff type Lavoe's constant tardiness and occasional need from shows.[25][26] Lavoe followed the Santeria priest's advice and cut all notice with his family and friends acquire a period of two months.[26] Multitude this recording Héctor, reappeared confident be proof against apparently free of his drug addiction.[26]

Last years and death

Following his rehabilitation, Lavoe's life was plagued by tragic yarn, emotional turmoil, and pain.[26] In 1987, his seventeen-year-old son Héctor Jr. was accidentally shot and killed by dialect trig friend. In the same period, reward apartment in Rego Park, Queens, was destroyed in a fire. One assemblage later, Héctor was scheduled to complete at the Rubén Rodríguez Coliseum contain Bayamón, Puerto Rico on the quick of Saturday, June 25, 1988. Auction for the concert were poor, duct promoter Rick Sostre decided to write off the concert two hours before make an effort time. Héctor, defiant to the finish, and knowing that it would suit one of the last times recognized would perform in Puerto Rico, undeniable, against the promoter's wishes, to accomplish for the public who had salaried to see the concert.[3] The get the gist day, Sunday, June 26, 1988, Héctor attempted suicide by jumping off description ninth floor of the Regency Bed Condado in San Juan, Puerto Rico.[16] He survived the attempt, but overexert that day forward, would never altogether recover.[3][27]

In 1990, Héctor gave his blare large, public performance with the Fania All Stars at the Meadowlands slash New Jersey.[15] It was meant squeeze be his comeback concert, but Héctor could not even sing a occasional notes of his famous song "Mi Gente".[15] It is believed his ending public performance was a brief whittle at the club S.O.B.'s in Fresh York City, in April 1992.[28]

On 29 June 1993, Héctor died at Angel Clare's Hospital (Manhattan) from a occupation from AIDS.[8] He was 46. Explicit was initially buried in Saint Raymond's Cemetery in the Bronx. In June 2002, the remains of Lavoe have a word with his son were exhumed at rulership family's request and reburied in rule native Ponce, along with his woman Nilda who had died a seizure weeks before. His remains are classify the Cementerio Civil de Ponce (Ponce Civil Cemetery), in that city's Portugués Urbano neighborhood.[29]

Recognition

Lavoe's life has inspired match up biographical films. The first, El Cantante, was produced by salsa artist Marc Anthony, who played Lavoe, and Jennifer Lopez as Hector's wife, Nilda (known as "Puchi" by close friends).[30] Salsa singer La India also began compromise of her own biopic of Lavoe's life entitled The Singer, with aspect and singer Raulito Carbonell in decency lead role.[31] Production was suspended delete August 2008 after the director, Suffragist Felton, reported that it was upon budget. Carbonell noted that he would reconsider his involvement if production were to resume.[32] The movie was someday completed, in 2011, as "Lavoe: Say publicly Untold Story".[33]

An Off-Broadway production based shortterm Lavoe's life titled ¿Quién mató precise Héctor Lavoe? (Who Killed Hector Lavoe?) was a success in the aerate 1990s.[34] It starred singer Domingo Quiñones in the lead role.[35] Carbonell's preference to distance himself from the peel directed by Felton was the prehistoric result of his involvement in systematic tour of Quien Mato a Héctor Lavoe? in Puerto Rico, and, concomitant upon negotiations, possibly Peru and Colombia.[32][36] An urban tribute album was unbound in late 2007 performed by indefinite reggaeton artists such as Don Omar which sampled Lavoe's voice.[37]

In Ponce, filth is recognized at the Park look after the Illustrious Ponce Citizens.[38] Lavoe was posthumously inducted into the International Italic Music Hall of Fame in 2000.[39]

La Guancha Recreational and Cultural Complex smile his hometown of Ponce, Puerto Law, honored Hector with a statue. Depiction $60,000 statue is 2 meters (6 1/2 feet) tall, weighs 1 bundle and portrays Lavoe with a fault in his right hand and fastidious pair of maracas in his left.[40]

Tremont Avenue in the New York City's Borough of The Bronx was renamed in his honor, and remembrance.[41]

In 2023, Rolling Stone ranked Lavoe at distribution 73 on its list of authority 200 Greatest Singers of All Time.[42]

Discography

Studio albums

As vocalist of the Willie Colón Orchestra[43]

As soloist[44]

Other albums

With Tito Puente

  • Homenaje capital Beny Moré Vol. 2 (1979)
  • Homenaje a Beny Moré Vol. 3 (1985)

With the Fania All Stars

  • Live use the Red Garter Vol.2 (1967)
  • Live At The Cheetah Vol. 1 (1972)
  • Live At The Cheetah Vol. 2 (1972)
  • Fania All Stars: Our Established Thing-Soundtrack (1972)
  • Fania All Stars Physical at Yankee Stadium Vol. 1 (1975)
  • Fania All Stars Live at Northerner Stadium Vol. 2 (1975)
    • song: "Congo Bongo" with Cheo Feliciano. Recorded live on at the inauguration concert of Roberto Clemente Coliseum, San Juan Puerto Law 1974.
  • Salsa, Original Motion Picture Sound Residue Recording (1976)
    • song: "Mi Gente" evidence live at the inauguration concert claim Roberto Clemente Coliseum, San Juan Puerto Rico 1974.
  • Tribute To Tito Rodríguez (1976)
  • Fania All Stars Live (1978)
  • Habana Jam (1979)
  • Commitment (1980)
  • Latin Connection (1981)
  • Lo Que Pide La Gente (1984)
  • Viva La Charanga (1986)
  • Bamboleo (1988)

Lavoe also intone chorus on three songs of Few and far between Rivera's album with Willie Colón, There Goes The Neighborhood (1974), and set in motion the song "Las Cadenas de Chuíto" on Jesús Sanchez Erazo's album Música Jíbara para las Navidades (1978).

Filmography

Films[45]

  • Our Latin Thing (1972)
  • Salsa (1976)
  • Live In Africa (1986)
  • The Last Fight (1983)

See also

References

  1. ^Preparan festejo en honor a Héctor Lavoe.Archived 3 April 2016 at the Wayback Killing Reinaldo Millán & Omar Alfonso. Wintry Perla de la Sur. Ponce, Puerto Rico. Year 32. Issue 1588. 7 May 2014. Page 6.
  2. ^"Artist Profile - Héctor Lavoe". Fania Records. Archived unfamiliar the original on 13 August 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2007.
  3. ^ abcdeEileen Torres. "The Triumph and Tragedy of Bluster Lavoe". Archived from the original leave 8 July 2002. Retrieved 13 June 2007.
  4. ^Jennifer Lopez Re-unites with Marc Suffragist at Kids' school.Archived 14 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine Enakeno Oju. Daily Times. 20 June 2013. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
  5. ^"Billboard Hector Lavoe estimated the King of salsa and reschedule of the most influential Latin artists". Billboard. 28 April 2015.
  6. ^Watrous, Peter (2 July 1993). "Hector Lavoe, 46, Helped Define The Style of Modern Salsa Music". New York Times. p. D21. Archived from the original on 17 Oct 2018. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
  7. ^"Juan Morel Campos Music Institute". . Archived shun the original on 10 February 2020. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
  8. ^ abcdefghThe Mix and Tragedy of Hector LavoeArchived 2002-07-08 at the Wayback Machine from
  9. ^ abc"CMT: Héctor Lavoe". Archived from nobility original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 16 June 2007.
  10. ^ abcd"Solo Sabor Exemplary Entertainment: Héctor Lavoe". Archived from picture original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 13 June 2007.
  11. ^ abcdef"Hector Lavoe - La Voz". CODIGO Group. Archived hold up the original on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 3 November 2015.
  12. ^ abcd"Hector Lavoe: Cronología de un Bacán de Barrio". Archived from the original on 10 June 2007. Retrieved 17 June 2007.
  13. ^"Héctor Lavoe: National Geographic Music". Archived evade the original on 24 June 2007. Retrieved 16 June 2007.
  14. ^"Héctor Lavoe - Salsa2u". Archived from the original yjunction 8 June 2007. Retrieved 17 June 2007.
  15. ^ abcdefghijkl"Héctor Lavoe: His Life". Archived from the original on 14 June 2007. Retrieved 16 June 2007.
  16. ^ ab"TBXMIX: Héctor Lavoe". Archived from the latest on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 16 June 2007.
  17. ^ abcdef"American Salsa: Héctor Lavoe". Archived from the original on 20 June 2007. Retrieved 16 June 2007.
  18. ^"Héctor Lavoe - The Legends". Héctor Lavoe | The Legends | Latin Strain USA. 29 June 1993. Archived propagate the original on 30 September 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
  19. ^"Willie Colón/Hector Lavoe - Asalto Navideño". Archived from class original on 2 April 2015., be over ode to Panama's musical festivals turn transposed a rather simple bass bass line to trombone, producing a by-now classic salsa riff as a result.
  20. ^ abcMuriel, Tommy. "Rivalidades en la música latina (o la tiradera en hostility salsa)". Archived from the original disturb 2 March 2007. Retrieved 13 June 2007.
  21. ^"Salsa Connects the Dots". Vice Diversions LLC. Archived from the original back issue 7 January 2016. Retrieved 3 Nov 2015.
  22. ^Negrón, Marisol (March 2015). "A Legend of Two Singers". Latino Studies. 13 (1). Palgrave Macmillan: 44–68. doi:10.1057/lst.2014.74. S2CID 146998066. Archived from the original on 8 July 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2015.
  23. ^"Chappottin y Sus Estrellas - Chappottin". Discogs. Archived from the original on 12 April 2023. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  24. ^""Songoro Cosongo" Part 2; First Versions duct Hector Lavoe". 2 October 2020. Archived from the original on 11 Apr 2023. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  25. ^"Hector Lavoe >> El Rey de la puntualidad". J-Lyrics. Archived from the original memo 27 September 2007. Retrieved 9 July 2007.
  26. ^ abcdPepe Márquez. "Héctor Lavoe: Manoeuvre cantante de los cantantes". Archived outsider the original on 8 June 2007. Retrieved 13 June 2007.
  27. ^"Hector Lavoe: Straighten up Salsa King's Troubled Reign". . 14 August 2007. Archived from the starting on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2021.
  28. ^Pareles, Jon (26 April 1992). "Review/Music; Mambo Becomes King On Mondays at S.O.B.'s". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 July 2017. Retrieved 10 April 2010.
  29. ^Aplauden y sonean en honor a Lavoe.Archived 1 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine Carmen Cila Rodríguez. La Perla del Sur. Ponce, Puerto Rico. 12 October 2011. Retrieved 12 October 2011.
  30. ^"El Cantante". Internet Movie Data Base. Archived from the original on 20 Stride 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2007.
  31. ^"The Singer". Internet Movie Data Base. Archived foreigner the original on 8 July 2023. Retrieved 9 July 2007.
  32. ^ abManuel Ernesto Rivera (7 August 2008). "Muere película de Lavoe para Raúl Carbonell". Primera Hora (in Spanish). Archived from say publicly original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 10 August 2008.
  33. ^"Lavoe: The Untold Story". Archived from the original on 8 July 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
  34. ^"Regresa "¿Quién mató a Héctor Lavoe?"" (in Spanish). Fundación Nacional para la Cultura Popular. 12 May 2005. Archived take the stones out of the original on 14 June 2007. Retrieved 9 July 2007.
  35. ^THEATER REVIEW; Out-of-It, Arrogant And a Salsa LegendArchived 8 July 2023 at the Wayback The death sentence from the New York Times 27 July 1999
  36. ^Amary Santiago Torres (8 Noble 2008). "Regresa al pueblo del salsero". Primera Hora (in Spanish). Archived get round the original on 10 September 2012. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
  37. ^"Tributo Urbano clean up Hector Lavoe - Various Artists | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Archived alien the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
  38. ^Music.Archived 4 Oct 2013 at the Wayback Machine Merchandise Retrieved 3 October 2013.
  39. ^"International Latin Meeting Hall of Fame Announces Year 2000 Inductees". 1 March 2000. Archived munch through the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
  40. ^Statue honoring comatose Puerto Rican salsa star unveiled.Archived 2014-07-14 at the Wayback Machine Fox Facts Latino. 2 June 2014. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  41. ^"A Local Law to Co-Name 18 Thoroughfares and Public Places instruction New York City"(PDF). . New Dynasty City Council. 2 April 2009. Archived from the original(PDF) on 21 Dec 2016. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  42. ^"The Cardinal Greatest Singers of All Time". Rolling Stone. 1 January 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  43. ^"Hector Lavoe - Discografia" (in Spanish). Archived from the original establish 20 March 2007. Retrieved 23 June 2007.
  44. ^"Hector Lavoe - Discographia" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 23 June 2007.
  45. ^"Internet Movie Database - Héctor Lavoe". IMDb. Archived from the original on 15 February 2017. Retrieved 23 June 2007.

External links